全球贸易最新动态（2025 年 6 月）：可持续海洋经济(英)

Sustainable ocean economy: A key and fast-growing sector at riskKEY TAKEAWAYSThe ocean economy offers critical opportunities to enhance food security, value addition, connectivity and economic diversification.In 2023, global ocean trade reached $2.2 trillion ($1.3 trillion in services and $900 billion in goods), representing about 7 per cent of global trade. Global ocean trade is increasingly threatened by climate events, sea level rise, biodiversity loss, overexploitation of marine life, and plastic and other forms of pollution. UNCTAD calls for improved ocean economic governance and data collection, climate-adaptive and resilient marine infrastructure, the promotion of sustainable South-South trade, and scaling up blue finance and sustainable marine-based innovations.Policy Insights©Adobe Stock Monthly publication analysing trade policy and global trade data.J U N E 2 0 2 5Global tradeupdateJ U N E 2 0 2 5Global tradeupdate Policy insights2UNCTAD measures ocean trade: database on trade in ocean goods and servicesIn its Sustainable Ocean Economy classification, UNCTAD identifies ocean economy sectors that can serve as “a vehicle toward a more sustainable and inclusive economic path on the marine and coastal environment. It encompasses all industries and tradable sectors that sustainably utilize and contribute to the conservation of ocean, seas and coastal resources for human benefit in a manner that maintains all ocean resources over time.” Based on this classification, UNCTAD has developed databases on trade in ocean goods and services, providing disaggregated data on exports and imports by country, as well as by geographical and economic groupings. Covered sectors include primary marine fisheries, processed seafood, ships, port equipment, and high technology manufactures for goods, and maritime transport, coastal and marine tourism, port services and marine R&D for services. Additional databases offer indicators on ocean trade, such as revealed comparative advantage, product and market concentration, and exports per capita.The ocean economy is growing faster than the global economy.1995-2020, 1995 = 100199520002005201020152020100120140160180200220240260Rest ofeconomy193Global oceaneconomic activity248Source: UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 2025 based on OECD Ocean Economy Monitor, preliminary estimates, June 2024.Between 1995 and 2020, the ocean economy has grown 2.5 times, outpacing the 1.9-fold expansion of the world economy, with developing economies driving much of this growth. An estimated 600 million livelihoods1 and 100 million jobs depend on the ocean economy,2 particularly in fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, with the vast majority in developing countries.1 FAO 2023. SOFIA 2022 report.2 OECD. 2025. Over 100 million jobs depend on the ocean economy — here’s where and why.J U N E 2 0 2 53Global tradeupdate Policy insightsGlobal ocean trade trendsSource: UNCTAD, 2024. Ocean Trade in Goods and Services Databa