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HOW CAN MONGOLIA ADDRESS THE GENDER GAP IN LIFE EXPECTANCY? A REVIEW OF PROMISING INTERVENTIONS BASED ON GLOBAL EVIDENCEForest Jarvis, Hillary C. Johnson, and Maude RuestPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedA REVIEW OF PROMISING INTERVENTIONS BASED ON GLOBAL EVIDENCE2Forest Jarvis, Hillary C. Johnson, and Maude Ruest3CHAPTER 2.A REVIEW OF PROMISING INTERVENTIONS BASED ON GLOBAL EVIDENCEHow Can Mongolia Address the Gender Gap in Life ExpectancyForest Jarvis, Hillary C. Johnson, and Maude Ruest2025A REVIEW OF PROMISING INTERVENTIONS BASED ON GLOBAL EVIDENCE4Forest Jarvis, Hillary C. Johnson, and Maude Ruest© 2025 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/ footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. AttributionPlease cite the work as follows: “Jarvis, Forest, Hillary C. Johnson, and Maude Ruest. 2025. How Can Mongolia Address the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy?: A Review of Promising Interventions Based on Global Evidence. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202- 522-2625; e mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Acronyms and abbreviations6Executive Summary7Introduction10Scope and objectives of this report12Chapter 1. What Is Driving the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in Mongolia?13Risky behaviors, health seeking behaviors, and gender norms may be influencing the gender gap in life expectancy.19Chapter 2