世界银行-国家主导的卫生优先事项设定（英）

DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES • FOURTH EDITION 1Country-Led Priority Setting for HealthEDITORSAla AlwanMizan Kiros MirutsePakwanja Desiree TweaOle F. NorheimVOLUME1DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES • FOURTH EDITIONCountry-Led Priority Setting for HealthThis book, along with any associated content or subsequent updates, can be accessed at https://hdl.handle.net/10986/42766. Scan to see all titles in this series. iiiDISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES • FOURTH EDITIONSERIES EDITORSOle F. NorheimDavid A. WatkinsKalipso ChalkidouVictoria Y. FanMuhammad Ali PateDean T. JamisonVOLUMES IN THE SERIESCountry-Led Priority Setting for HealthPandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and ResponseInterventions Outside the Health Care System Universal Health Coverage: Priorities and Value for MoneyVOLUME EDITORSAla AlwanMizan Kiros MirutsePakwanja Desiree TweaOle F. NorheimDisease Control PrioritiesThis fourth edition of Disease Control Priorities (DCP4) builds on the first three editions, all published by the World Bank. Using experiences from collaboration and capacity strengthening in a select number of low- and middle-income countries, DCP4 summarizes, produces, and helps translate economic evidence into better priority setting for universal health coverage, public health functions, pandemic preparedness and response, and intersectoral and international action for health. DCP4 aims to be relevant for countries committed to increasing public financing of universal health coverage and other health-improving policies, recognizing the need to set priorities on their path toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and beyond. The project is a collaboration between the World Bank and the University of Bergen, Norway, to develop and co-publish DCP4 in four volumes with broad inputs from individuals and institutions around the world. These plans will likely evolve in the course of the work.More people live longer and have better lives today compared to any other time in history. The world’s population is aging at dramatic speed. Improved living standards and new technologies are driving this change. However, we live in times of increased risks. No country can afford all technologies that are effective at improving health and well-being—and progress is unequal. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of countries when a threatening new infection affects life, the health system, work, and the economy. Climate change is another major challenge. Those already worse off are especially affected, both by direct and indirect effects on the health system, the economy, and the environment. During times of crisis, health care providers and policy makers must decide whom to prioritize and which programs to protect, expand, contract, or terminate.These challenges are not unique to pandemics and climate change. Resource allocation decisions under scarcity are always being made, creating winners and losers when compared to the status quo. Such decisions may exacerba