世界银行-克罗地亚系统性国家诊断更新（英）

Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorizedcroatia systematic country diagnosticTABLE OF CONTENTScroatia systematic country diagnosticACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6LIST OF ACRONYMS 8EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 101. UPDATED COUNTRY CONTEXT: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GROWTH, POVERTY REDUCTION, AND SHARED PROSPERITY 142. CONSTRAINTS TO CROATIA’S SUSTAINABLE, RESILIENT, AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH ON A LIVABLE PLANET 28 2.1. Public sector inefficiencies hampering high-quality and equal service delivery to the people 29 2.2. Demographic challenges and human capital deficiencies hindering labor supply 34 2.3. Private sector productivity growth is held back by insufficient investments and a cumbersome business environment 42 2.4. Vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change is high, and measures for adaptation and mitigation are under-developed 463. PRIORITIES 54 1. Effective public service delivery 57 Priority #1. Increase the effectiveness of public administration 57 Priority #2. Promote justice sector efficiency and strengthen anti-corruption policies 58 2. Improved human capital and social protection 59 Priority #3. Improve the quality of human capital and labor market participation, especially for vulnerable groups 59 Priority #4. Provide robust and adaptive social assistance and social services 60 3. Better paid jobs through higher productivity 61 Priority #5. Support investment in R & D, and green technology adoption to improve productivity and provide better paid jobs 61 Priority #6. Ensure a favorable business environment and access to finance, including to start-ups and vulnerable groups 62 4. Enhanced environmental sustainability and accelerated green transition 62 Priority #7. Reduce environmental degradation and promote the blue economy transition 63 Priority #8. Promote energy production from renewables as well as energy efficiency 63 Priority #9. Enhance climate change resilience and disaster risk preparedness 644. KNOWLEDGE GAPS 66REFERENCES 68ANNEX 1 744croatia systematic country diagnosticFigure 1. Economic growth continues and is mostly led by exports 12Figure 2. Income convergence has strengthened in recent years 12Figure 3. Employment rate is on a rise, but remains below EU27 average 13Figure 4. Employment growth led by market services sectors 13Figure 5. The North-East region experienced the largest decline in population between 2011 and 2021 14Figure 6. Poorer regions have seen a larger decline in population 14Figure 7. Labor productivity growth between 2005 and 2022 among the lowest in the CEE region 15Figure 8. Differences in labor productivity across sectors between Croatia and Germany in 2019 15Figure 9. Robust economic growth has translated into fast poverty reduction 16Figure 10. Croatia’s poverty rate is on par with EU countries that have similar income level 16Figure 11. Poverty reduction progress was driven mostly by pension income, foll