ITIF-走向床垫：是时候重置美欧技术和贸易关系了（英）

itif.org Go to the Mattresses: It’s Time to Reset U.S.-EU Tech and Trade Relations ROBERT D. ATKINSON | OCTOBER 2024 In its bid for tech sovereignty, the EU has been aggressively targeting U.S. firms and industries with unfair protectionist policies. This cannot stand. To move forward into a new era of deeper transatlantic trade integration, America must first demand a level playing field. KEY TAKEAWAYS The EU’s trade surplus with America is more than $200 billion. Yet it targets U.S. firmswith a raft of discriminatory regulations, purchasing policies, and protectionist measuresthat both extract revenue from and reduce revenue to U.S. industries.Left unchecked, Europe’s approach provides a protectionist model for other countries andregions to emulate, which would fragment the global digital economy into national andregional “walled gardens.”U.S. officials have complained diplomatically instead of “going to the mattresses,”because the Washington policy community argues the transatlantic U.S.-EU partnershipis critical for broader strategic interests. But that approach hasn’t worked.Congress and the next administration should review of U.S. trade tools and develop newreciprocal measures to counter the EU’s digital protectionism and tech sovereignty.Offensive measures could include updating Section 301 of the Trade Act to addressdigital trade, using ICT service reviews against European firms, imposing mirror taxes tooffset the EU’s digital service taxes, and limiting U.S. data flows to the EU.Defensive measures could include limiting federal procurement opportunities,scrutinizing critical exports, excluding EU firms from the U.S. defense industrial base,and retaliating against hypocritical standards for government access to data.Ultimately, these measures should be in the service of putting in place a world-class EU-U.S. trade and technology agreement.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION | OCTOBER 2024 PAGE 2 CONTENTS Key Takeaways ................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 EU-U.S. Relations in the Era of China and “Tech Sovereignty”............................................... 5 Europe’s Trade Surplus With the United States .................................................................... 7 The Bill of Particulars: How Europe Unfairly Targets U.S. Industry ....................................... 11 Discriminatory Purchasing ............................................................................................ 12 Consumer Purchases ................................................................................................ 12 Commercial Purchases .............................................................................................. 13 Government Purchases.................................................