北欧氢能-英-24页.pdf

HYDROGEN IN THE NORDICSDrivers of European Cooperation?Sarah Kilpeläinen, Rainer Quitzow, Marina TsoumpaOctober 2023CLIMATE CHANGE, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENTBuilding on their strong renew-ables potential, the Nordics are ambitiously pursuing hydrogen strategies for the decarboniza-tion of industry and transport.The Nordics could play a pivot-al role in Europe’s emerging hydrogen economy: as tech-nology providers, as producers of green industrial products and as exporters of hydrogen.Engagement between the Nor-dics and their European neigh-bours should be enhanced in order to mobilise their poten-tial for mutually beneficial co-operation.ANALYSISHYDROGEN IN THE NORDICSDrivers of European Cooperation?CLIMATE CHANGE, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENTThe contributions of the Research Institute for Sustainability – Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (RIFS Potsdam) are funded by the German Federal Foreign Office within the framework of the project “Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation: Implications of an International Hydrogen Economy” (GET Hydrogen).11.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.INTRODUCTIONCLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICIES IN THE NORDICSRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND THE POTENTIAL FOR RENEWABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIESNATIONAL HYDROGEN STRATEGIES AND POLICY OBJECTIVESCURRENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND USESHYDROGEN TRANSPORT AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTUREKEY HYDROGEN PROJECTS IN THE NORDICSCOOPERATION ON HYDROGEN IN THE NORDIC CONTEXTCONCLUSIONSList of figuresReferences 3 4 5 8 10 11 12 13 15 16 16Contents2FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG – HYDROGEN IN THE NORDICS3HYDROGEN IN THE NORDICSUnder the European Green Deal, hydrogen plays a central role in the decarbonisation of so-called »hard-to-electrify« sectors and represents an important target of green industrial policy, as Europe seeks to gain leadership in this emerging segment of carbon-neutral industrial systems. Moreover, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it has been declared an impor-tant building block in efforts to reduce Europe’s dependence on Russian natural gas (Rouzo 2021). While it is almost certain that the EU will need to import a significant share of clean hydrogen to meet its climate-neutrality targets, it also in-creasingly recognised that it will be important to build up sig-nificant capacities in the EU and its immediate vicinity. This can help strengthen the EU energy system’s resilience by re-ducing import dependencies and serve as a home market for European equipment and technology in the race for industrial leadership in the sector. This was one of nine policy messages formulated in a previous policy paper published jointly by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the Research Institute for Sus-tainability (RIFS) on the role of international cooperation in the development of an international hydrogen economy (Quitzow et al. 2023a). Against this background, the Nordic region, with its abun-dant renewable energy resources at competitive costs could play an important role as a potential hub f