SVAC解说员：2014-2021年乌克兰战时性暴力（英）

1SVAC Explainer: Wartime Sexual Violence in Ukraine | Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center & Women and Public Policy Program | February 2023Abstract: Since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine one year ago, conflict-related sexual violence in the region has escalated. Drawing from the Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict dataset, this policy brief summarizes reports of wartime sexual violence in Ukraine: who is perpetrating it and at what prevalence, what forms it takes and where it is happening.Image: A local resident leaves his home after Russian shelling destroyed an apartment house in Bakhmut, Donetsk region, Ukraine, Wednesday, Dec. 7, 2022. (AP Photo/LIBKOS, File)POLICY BRIEFwww.sexualviolencedata.orgSEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT (SVAC) PROJECT | FEBRUARY 2023SVAC Explainer:Wartime Sexual Violence in Ukraine, 2014-2021Ketaki ZodgekarBackgroundRussia and Ukraine have been at war since 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea and further invaded Ukraine’s Donbas region. In February 2022, Russia escalated the conflict, launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.1 In the months since, fighting has spread across the country as Russian forces attempt to expand their control. In late September 2022, Russia staged referendums in four parts of occupied Ukraine – the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions – in which these regions voted in favor of joining the Russian Federation.2 These referendums were widely condemned 1 Uppsala Conflict Data Program. “Conflict 13306: Ukraine: Novorossiya.” Uppsala University, 2022. https://ucdp.uu.se/conflict/13306 2 Jason Beaubien. “Occupied regions of Ukraine vote to join Russia in staged referendums.” NPR, September 27, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/09/27/1125322026/russia-ukraine-referendums 2SVAC Explainer: Wartime Sexual Violence in Ukraine | Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center & Women and Public Policy Program | February 2023as a sham, a violation of international law, and a move designed to further Russia's annexation of the region.3 Throughout the war, there have been numerous reports of sexual violence being used in the armed conflict.4 According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), the main armed actors in the conflict are the Ukrainian Government, led by President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy; the Russian Government, led by President of Russia, Vladimir Putin; and two Kremlin-backed separatist groups in the breakaway republics of Donetsk and Luhansk: the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) and Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). These two separatist groups are supported by the Russian Government both politically and with material resources. The LPR and DPR are currently occupying parts of Ukraine’s Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts which together are referred to as the Donbas Region, and which the United Nations considers to be a part of Ukraine's territory.Using insights from the Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict (SVAC) dataset, this policy brief outlines key trends in