中国与美国大外交竞争报告（英）

R E P O R TA U G U S T 2 0 2 2AV O I D I N G G R E AT P O W E R WA R P R O J E C TThe Great Diplomatic Rivalry: China vs the U.S.Graham AllisonAlyssa ResarKarina BarbesinoAvoiding Great Power War Project Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138www.belfercenter.orgStatements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the author(s) and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.Copyright 2022, President and Fellows of Harvard CollegeR E P O R TA U G U S T 2 0 2 2AV O I D I N G G R E AT P O W E R WA R P R O J E C TThe Great Diplomatic Rivalry: China vs the U.S.Graham Allison, Alyssa Resar, Karina BarbesinoAcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the following external reviewers, all of whose comments substantially improved the report. None of them are responsible for the final product, and any errors or misjudgments are the responsibility of the authors.• Ambassador Chas Freeman (former U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia)• Susan Thornton (former Acting Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs)• Robert Zoellick (former President of the World Bank)• Ambassador Nicholas Burns (current U.S. Ambassador to China) • Ambassador Robert Blackwill (former U.S. Ambassador to India)iiiBelfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy SchoolTable of ContentsPreface ..........................................................................................................1Executive Summary .................................................................................... 3What is Diplomacy? .................................................................................... 9 I. Statecraft ....................................................................................................................................11 II. Architecture ..............................................................................................................................15 III. Gardening .................................................................................................................................20Conclusion ................................................................................................. 281The Great Diplomatic Rivalry: China vs the U.S.Preface In response to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, the Biden administration has successfully mobilized an international coalition that is imposing unprecedented, comprehensive sanctions on Russia. That effort is all the more remarkable when compared to the diplomatic performance of the U.S. in the two decades that preceded it. As this brutal war has ground on, China has stood firmly behind its beleaguered Russian partner. While the U.S. highlights the international condemnation of Russia’s aggression, China notes that this does not include the most populous country in the world, the larges