非常规减排：二氧化碳减排是欧盟气候政策中的新方法（英文）

SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Oliver Geden and Felix Schenuit Unconventional Mitigation Carbon Dioxide Removal as a New Approach in EU Climate Policy SWP Research Paper 8 June 2020, Berlin Abstract ∎ If the EU wants to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, enacting conventional climate change mitigation measures to avoid emissions of greenhouse gases will not be enough. To compensate for unavoidable residual emis-sions, unconventional measures to remove CO2 from the atmosphere will also be necessary – for example, through afforestation or the direct cap-ture of CO2 from ambient air. ∎ Not all member states and economic sectors will have achieved green-house gas neutrality by 2050; some will already need to be below zero by then. The option of CO2 removal from the atmosphere will allow greater flexibility in climate policy, but will also raise new distributional issues. ∎ Avoiding greenhouse gas emissions should be given political priority over the subsequent removal of CO2. Net zero targets should be explicitly divided into emission reduction targets and removal targets, instead of simply off-setting the effects of both approaches. ∎ The future development of an EU CO2 removal policy should be structured by adequate policy design. Whether the EU chooses a proactive or cautious entry pathway in the medium term will depend not least on the net nega-tive targets it assumes for the period after 2050. ∎ In the coming years, the EU should focus on investing more in research and development of CO2 removal methods and gaining more practical experience in their use. ∎ Only if the EU and its members actually succeed in convincingly combin-ing conventional emission reductions and unconventional CO2 removals to reach net zero will the EU be able to live up to its status as a pioneer in climate policy. SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Oliver Geden and Felix Schenuit Unconventional Mitigation Carbon Dioxide Removal as a New Approach in EU Climate Policy SWP Research Paper 8 June 2020, Berlin All rights reserved. © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2020 SWP Research Papers are peer reviewed by senior researchers and the execu-tive board of the Institute. They are also subject to fact-checking and copy-editing. For further information on our quality control pro-cedures, please visit the SWP website: https:// www.swp-berlin.org/en/ about-swp/quality-management-for-swp-publications/. SWP Research Papers reflect the views of the author(s). SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3–4 10719 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-200 www.swp-berlin.org swp@swp-berlin.org ISSN 1863-1053 doi: 10.18449/2020RP08 Translation by Tom Genrich (Updated English version of SWP-Studie 10/2020) Table of Contents 5 Issues