2025年协同漫游2.0技术白皮书

协同漫游 2.0 技术白皮书 i 目 录 1 概述·························································································································································· 1 1.1 产生背景 ··············································································································································· 1 1.2 技术优点 ··············································································································································· 2 2 技术实现 ·················································································································································· 2 2.1 漫游时机 ··············································································································································· 2 2.1.1 基于静态策略的漫游引导 ··········································································································· 2 2.1.2 基于网络特征和终端画像的 AI 漫游引导 ···················································································· 3 2.2 漫游目标 ··············································································································································· 6 2.3 漫游执行 ··············································································································································· 6 2.3.1 互相感知网络 ····························································································································· 6 2.3.2 快速服务切换 ····························································································································· 7 2.3.3 智能漫游缓存 ····························································································································· 7 2.3.4 漫游校准 ···································································································································· 8 3 应用场景 ·················································································································································· 9 3.1 协同漫游典型组网应用 ························································································································· 9 1 1 概述 1.1 产生背景 在不同 AP（Access Point，接入点）提供相同 SSID（Service Set Identifier，服务集标识）的区域中，无线客户端从一个 AP 上接入转移到另一个 AP 上接入的过程称为漫游。传统的漫游中，无线客户端的漫游行为由无线客户端控制，是客户端的自主行为。AC（Access Controller，接入控制器）与客户端在漫游检测和决策等环节缺乏协同交互，使得漫游效果不理想。 当前的漫游主要存在以下问题： • 客户端粘滞：部分客户端的漫游算法会优先保持在已经连接的 AP。即使周围有更好的 AP，只要不是信号衰减到几乎不可用，客户端就不会主动切换，无法达到人走到哪里快速连接到附近 AP 的效果。 • 漫游切换耗时长：客户端需检测通信质量、扫描无线环境、选择合适 AP 以及进行服务切换，才能完成一次漫游过程。由于客户端没有整个网络的视角，无法快速扫描到可用的服务，需要逐一信道扫描，最后选出一个可用的服务，导致整个过程耗时长、丢包严重。 • 反复漫游：客户端除了出于自身的漫游策略进行自主漫游，也会在 AC 的引导下进行漫游，但两种漫游决策混合可能导致客户端在两台 AP 间反复漫游，不能保持在一个合适的 AP 上。 • 漫游不及时：不同网络环境存在差异，例如 AP 部署位置不同，如高密度部署或在建筑拐角等复杂环境下的部署。不同的终端也存在自身特性差异，例如协议支持能力、发射功率、漫游响应能力等。使用统一的漫游策略无法实现用户移动到不同位置时都能快速接入最佳 AP 的理想效果。 为了优化漫游体验，结合 IEEE 802.11k、802.11v 和 802.11r 协议技术的协同漫游技术应运而生。协同漫游指 AP、AC