联合国贸易发展委员会-产品特定原产地规则和原产地证明的事实趋同（英）

The Case for Sharing Experiences at the Multilateral LevelDe Facto Convergence in Product Specific Rules of Origin and Proof of OriginTechnical and statistical reportUNI T E D NAT I ONS CONF E R E NCE ON T R A DE A ND DE V E L O P M E N TThe Case for Sharing Experiences at the Multilateral Level De Facto Convergence in Product Specific Rules of Origin and Proof of Origin Technical and statistical reportUNI T E D NAT I O NS CO NF E R E N C E ON T R A D E A N D D E VE L OP M E N TGeneva, 2025© 2025, United NationsThis work is available through open access, by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits.This publication has not been formally edited. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/ALDC/2024/7eISBN: 978-92-1-107100-9De Facto Convergence in Product Specific Rules of Origin and Proof of OriginThe Case for Sharing Experiences at the Multilateral LeveliiiAcknowledgementsThis study was prepared by Stefano Inama, Chief, Regional Advisory program of the UNCTAD Division for Africa, Least Developed Countries and Special Programmes. De Facto Convergence in Product Specific Rules of Origin and Proof of OriginThe Case for Sharing Experiences at the Multilateral LevelivAbbreviationsADBAsian Development BankAfCFTAAfrican Continental Free Trade AreaAROAgreement on Rules of Origin CAFTACentral America-Dominican Republic Free Trade AgreementCETAComprehensive Economic and Trade AgreementCPTPPComprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific PartnershipCROCommittee on Rules of Origin CTHChange of Tariff HeadingDCTSDeveloping Countries Trading SchemeDFQFDuty-Free Quota-FreeEBAEverything But ArmsFTAFree Trade AgreementHROHarmonized Rules of OriginHWPHarmonization Work ProgramLDCLeast Developed CountriesMFNMost-Favored-NationNAFTANorth American Free Trade AgreementOECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPSROsProduct Specific Rules of Origin PTAPreferential Trade AgreementQUADQuadrilateral Security DialogueRCEPRegional Comprehensive Economic PartnershipRoORules of OriginRVCRegional Value ContentTCROTechnical Committee on Rules of Origin UNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUSMCAUnited States–Mexico–Canada AgreementVNOMValue of Non-Originating MaterialsVOMValue of Originating MaterialsWCOWorl