到2030年扩大美国净可用电力容量-障碍和解决方案（英）

ISMAEL ARCINIEGAS RUEDA, AISHA NAJERA, AUSTIN SMIDT, ROBIN WANG, HYE MIN PARK, HENRI VAN SOEST, DAVID GILLExpanding U.S. Net Available Power Capacity by 2030Barriers and SolutionsResearch ReportFor more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA3845-2.About RANDRAND is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org.Research IntegrityOur mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity.RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.© 2025 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark.Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis publication and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to its webpage on rand.org is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research products for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, visit www.rand.org/about/publishing/permissions.RR-A3845-2 iii About This Report A significant increase in computational resources used for artificial intelligence (AI) training and inference has enabled rapid advances in the capabilities of AI models and their widespread use. The resulting demand for AI data centers is already posing challenges for U.S. data center construction, primarily because it is difficult to find and access reliable power grid capacity. To anticipate the constraints these challenges could pose to future AI growth, the authors of a series of RAND reports are seeking to answer the following questions: • What will be the additional power capacity in the United States by 2030? • What are the key constraints to scaling the U.S. power grid to meet additional demand? • What is