从国家手术质量改进计划中观察到的医生收费表、术中时间和麻醉索赔与现实世界时间的比较（英）

RACHEL O. REID, ANTHONY YU, PETER S. HUSSEY, JOACHIM O. HERO, CAMERON KLIG, DANIEL J. CRESPIN, GRETCHEN SWABE, LANE F. BURGETTESurgical Procedure Time ComparisonsComparing Physician Fee Schedule Intraservice Times with Real-World Times as Observed in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Intraoperative Times and Anesthesia ClaimsResearch ReportFor more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA3470-1.About RANDRAND is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org.Research IntegrityOur mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity.RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.© 2025 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark.Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis publication and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to its webpage on rand.org is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research products for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, please visit www.rand.org/about/publishing/permissions. iii About This Report In the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS), the amount of time a physician service typically requires is a key input that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services uses to set payment rates. In the past two decades, several studies have shown that many PFS times for surgical procedures are longer than the times typically observed in the real world. In this research, we used two independent sources of data—operative times from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and operative times estimated based on billed Med