UNDP-药物政策的发展维度：评估新挑战、发现机遇和解决新问题（英）

Assessing New Challenges, Uncovering Opportunities, and Addressing Emerging IssuesDevelopment Dimensions of Drug Policy: United Nations Development ProgrammeCover photo:© ILO / ilkin EskipehlivanCover photo:© ILO / ilkin EskipehlivanThe United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more at undp.org or follow at @UNDP.The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the member countries of the UNDP Executive Board or of those institutions of the United Nations system that are mentioned herein.The designations and terminology employed, and the presentation of material do not imply any expression or opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or of its frontiers or boundaries.The photographs used in this document are drawn from free sources and are intended solely for illustrative purposes; they do not imply endorsement or reflect ofcial positions.Copyright ©UNDP 2025. All rights reserved.One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USATable of ContentsTable of Contents3Glossary4Acronyms and abbreviations6Acknowledgements7Executive summary9Introduction17Economic development and sustainable livelihoods21Alternative development: an evolving paradigm22Managing a transition to regulated markets23Embedding equity and social justice in policy design24Governance31Land reform and the challenge of illicit markets32Public health39Structural drivers of drug-related harms41The war on drugs and the response to HIV and co-infections42Public health impacts of drug policy reform46Human rights57Human rights rationale for responsible regulation60The right to privacy and personal autonomy61Rights of Indigenous Peoples62The right to health64Human rights protections for licit markets64Environmental dimensions of drug economies69Secondary environmental harms of illegal drugs markets72Ways forward81Strategic considerations85Table of ContentsTable of ContentsGlossaryAcronyms and abbreviationsAcknowledgementsExecutive summaryIntroductionEconomic development and sustainable livelihoodsAlternative development: an evolving paradigmManaging a transition to regulated marketsEmbedding equity and social justice in policy designGovernanceLand reform and the challenge of illicit marketsPublic healthStructural drivers of drug-related harmsThe war on drugs and the response to HIV and co-infectionsPublic health impacts of drug policy reformHuman rightsHuman rights rationale for responsible regulationThe right to privacy and personal autonomyRights of Indigenous PeoplesThe right to healthHuman rights protections for licit marketsEnvironmental dimensions of drug economiesSecondary environmental