水资源不均：巴拉圭贫困与城乡家庭洪水风险研究（英）

Policy Research Working Paper11215Uneven WatersExamining Poverty and Urban and Rural Households’ Exposure to Flood Risk in Paraguay Paul ErvinLyliana GayosoEliana Rubiano Matulevich Poverty Global Department September 2025 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedProduced by the Research Support TeamAbstractThe Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.Policy Research Working Paper 11215Floods are becoming more frequent and severe due to cli-mate change, population growth, and land cover changes. In Paraguay, floods are the most common weather-related hazard and disproportionately impact poor and vulnera-ble populations. This study contributes to understanding household-level exposure to flood risk in Paraguay by com-bining geolocated household survey data with novel flood hazard maps. The study estimates that more than 23 per-cent of households are exposed to flood risk, with exposure varying by geography and household characteristics. Urban households living in poverty are among the most exposed, facing depths of flooding nearly four times higher than non-poor households, in smaller, more common flood events. The approach provides valuable insights for targeting flood risk reduction efforts and highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic vulnerability in disaster risk management. These findings underscore the multidimen-sional nature of vulnerability to flood risk, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas, and the need for integrated urban planning and poverty reduction strategies to address flood risk disparities effectively, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas.This paper is a product of the Poverty Global Department. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at paervin@gmail.com, lgayoso@worldbank.org, and erubiano@worldbank.org. Uneven Waters: Examining Poverty and Urban and Rural Households' Exposure to Flood Risk in Paraguay ∗ Paul Ervin,1 Lyliana Gayoso,2 and Eliana Rubiano Matulevich3 Keywords: poverty, welfare, flood hazard maps, household survey data, Paraguay JEL: