新经济思想研究所-经济学中的多元主义：来自国际经济学家调查的性别视角（英）

Engendering Pluralism in Economics: Gendered Perspectives from an International Survey of Economists* Mohsen Javdani† Working Paper No. 238 August 20th, 2025 ABSTRACT This study contributes to growing calls for greater pluralism in economics by examining how gender shapes economists’ normative and epistemological orientations. Drawing on original survey data from 2,425 economists across 19 countries, we document systematic gender differences in views on a broad range of issues. Female economists are significantly more likely to support progressive equity-oriented positions, challenge mainstream assumptions, and endorse pluralistic approaches to inquiry. We also find stark gender differences in political ideology: women are far more likely than men to identify as left-leaning—particularly far-left—while men disproportionately align with centrist or right-leaning ideologies. These ideological divides *Funding for this project was provided by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) FAS #: F19-04900. This study has obtained ethics approval from the Behavioral Research Ethics Board at the University of British Columbia (#H16-01480). †School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada. E-mail: mjavdani@sfu.ca. ORCID: 0000-0002-5341-6881 Ineteconomics.org | facebook.com/ineteconomics 60 E 42nd St, Ste 450, New York, NY 10165 2 account for some of the gender differences in views, underscoring the mediating role of political ideology. However, the influence of ideology itself varies by gender: moving rightward on the ideological spectrum reduces support for some progressive positions more sharply among men than women. This suggests that gendered experiences inform distinct interpretive frameworks that persist even within shared ideological categories. Taken together, our findings highlight that gender diversity in economics is not merely demographic but epistemic—and that realizing its transformative potential requires institutional environments that value and legitimize dissenting and underrepresented perspectives. https://doi.org/10.36687/inetwp238 JEL codes: A11, A13, B54, J16, D63 Keywords: Gender Diversity, Economics Profession, Pluralistic Diversity, Political Ideology. 3 1. Introduction Attention to gender discrimination and inequities in economics surged in the wake of the #MeToo movement, a watershed moment that reshaped public discourse around power, accountability, and systemic gender-based discrimination and harm. Around the same time, the economics profession was forced into its own reckoning when a paper by then-undergraduate Alice Wu (2018) was described as “a very disturbing report,” revealing a “toxic environment for women in economics.” (Wolfers, 2017). Wu’s analysis of over a million anonymous posts on a widely-read economics forum used machine-learning techniques to reveal disturbing e