韧性技能政策（英）

1 SKILLS POLICIES FOR RESILIENCE| SKILLS POLICIES FOR RESILIENCE 2 SKILLS POLICIES FOR RESILIENCE| 3 SKILLS POLICIES FOR RESILIENCE| This work should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the authors. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The use of this work, whether digital or print, is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at http://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions. Please cite as: OECD/Cedefop/European Commission/ETF/ILO/UNESCO (2024), Skills policies for resilience, OECD, Paris. Acknowledgements: Francesca Borgonovi (OECD) and Luca Marcolin (OECD) coordinated the work and took the lead in drafting it. Colleagues at the ETF, Cedefop, ILO, UNESCO and the European Commission contributed parts of the text and provided examples of global practice. © OECD/Cedefop/European Commission/ETF/ILO/UNESCO 2024 Photo credit: Cover © Pixels Hunter/Shutterstock.com. Contacts: Francesca Borgonovi: Francesca.borgonovi@oecd.org Luca Marcolin: Luca.marcolin@oecd.org 4 SKILLS POLICIES FOR RESILIENCE| Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to deep shocks and scars to the economy and societies throughout the world. To mitigate and address these shocks and scars, as well as the wider impacts of the pandemic, many countries put in place recovery plans that may now be threatened by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, the associated rises in energy prices and cost of living, and its consequences on the global economy. At the same time, countries are also mobilising to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and widespread environmental degradation, working to adjust to the diffusion of new digital technologies (including generative artificial intelligence systems), and putting in place strategies to reduce the economic and societal effects related to increased poverty and shares of marginalised population. Overall, countries look increasingly vulnerable, with risks of profound economic and societal upheavals. Individuals and companies need to adapt to this heightened economic and societal instability and ensure that labour markets are responsive to changing conditions. All individuals may need support to ensure that they are employable in new labour market conditions. For vulnerable segments of the population in particular, it is a matter of remaining in, or re-entering, the labour market after a shock that may affect them disproportionately. For companies, the challenge is to revise their value proposition and develop new business models that can ensure their survival in a different economic setting. Policy make