2024人工智能（AI）对工作和就业的影响研究报告

1Analysis of Business Environment in Least Developed CountriesThe Impact of AI on Work and Employment June 2024P O L I C Y R E V I E W2This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.3Table of contents I. Factsheet 4II. Introduction 6III. Trends in AI and Employment 8IV. Trends in AI and Labour Management 12V. Policy Challenges and Responses on AI at Work 14VI. Recommendations and Priorities for Employers’ Organisations and Governments 17VII. References 204Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that can process information, learn from it, and use that learning to generate outputs and achieve goals (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2019). Generative artificial intelligence involves using various models to create content such as text, images, video, or sound. Generative AI has the potential to contribute between $2.6 trillion and $4.4 trillion annually to the global economy, highlighting its positive economic effects (McKinsey & Company, 2023).The key impacts of AI on employment are related to job displacement, augmentation, and creation. While some jobs may be displaced, others will see growth due to AI implementation, particularly in fields like AI modelling and business intelligence (WEF, 2023a). There is strong potential for the creation of new jobs, as can be observed over recent years. Generative AI models may increase the value of jobs requiring social interactions, while the augmentation potential of AI is deemed larger than its automation potential, affecting a wide range of tasks across various job types (Gmyrek, Berg and Bescond, 2023). Globally, most CEOs (69 per cent) recognise the need for their workforce to develop new skills to leverage generative AI effectively (PwC, 2024). Among the benefits associated to this technology, AI can enhance productivity across industries, with potential annual global productivity increases of 0.2 per cent to 3.3 per cent (McKinsey & Company, 2023). In relation to job quality, while ethical concerns about AI-based monitoring exist, AI can also improve jobs through reduced tedium, greater engagement, and enhanced safety, exemplified by its use in predicting workplace accidents (Luo et al., 2023) and in personalising training through AI-based virtual tools (Chen, 2023).Adoption rates vary, with larger companies leading the way and smaller ones still in the exploration phase. Globally, it is projected that 74.9 per cent of companies will have adopted AI by 2027, with 59 per cent foreseeing its growing significance in their business strategies (WEF, 2023a). AI is increasingly used in hiring processes, performance management, conflict resolution, and downsizing initiatives across various industries. While it offers benefits, ethical concerns regarding data validity, privacy, and bias in decision-making require careful con