世界银行-激进的[债务]透明度（英）

Radical [Debt] TransparencyPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedRadical [Debt] Transparency© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover design: Maria LopezContents010203ForewordiAcknowledgmentsiiiExecutive Summary1Introduction6Chapter 1: Transparency in Debt Reporting81.1 Borrowers’ Direct Reporting91.2 Borrowers’ Indirect Reporting171.3 Creditors’ Reporting211.4 Borrower-Creditor Loan Data Exchange and Reconciliation23Chapter 2: Transparency of Debt Instruments and Operations262.1 Collateralized Debt272.2 Private Placements312.3 Domestic Debt332.4 Transparency in Debt Restructurings352.5 Novel Financial Instruments40Chapter 3: Recommendations43References 48Box 1. The Role of Parliaments in Public Debt Oversight15Box 2. Early Insights from Senegal’s Debt Misreporting16Box 3. World Bank Debt Management Technical Assistance Efforts17Box 4. Angola Overcollateralized Repos29Box 5. Recent Restructurings of Collateralized Debt31Box 6. Quantification of Suppliers’ Credits and Other Payment Arrears34Figure 1. The World Bank’s Debt Transparency Framework7Figure 2. Coverage of Public Debt Statistics in