世界银行-超越科普拉：基里巴斯的省钱、减贫和农业多样化（英）

Saving Money, Reducing Poverty, and Diversifying Agriculture in KiribatiSeptember 2024Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2024 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2024. Beyond Copra. © World Bank.”All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Cover photo: World BankAcknowledgmentsThis document was written by Aarre Laakso (Consultant) and Samuel Wills (Economist, Task Team Leader). It summarizes three earlier World Bank reports on the copra subsidy in Kiribati: “Cracking the Nut: A Proposal for Reforming and Upgrading Kiribati’s Coconut Industry” by Blair Edward Lapres (Economist), Aarre Laakso, and Samuel Wills; “Cultivating Shared Prosperity: Reforming the Copra Subsidy to Enhance Social Protection on Kiribati’s Outer Islands” by Sharad Tandon (Senior Economist), Dung Doan (Social Protection Specialist), Sandor Karacsony (Senior Economist), and Samuel Wills; and “New Sprouts: Diversifying Agriculture on Kiribati’s Outer Islands” by Agnès Deshormes (Consultant) and Samuel Wills.The report benefitted from guidance and direction from Steven Ndegwa (Country Director), Stefano Mocci (Country Manager), Lars Christian Moller (Practice Manager), and Ralph van Doorn (Program Leader). Abbreviations CSO community service obligationEEZ exclusive economic zoneGDP gross domestic productKCDL Kiribati Coconut Development LtdPBC performance-based contractSFU Support Fund for the UnemployedSOE state-owned enterpriseVDS Vessel Day SchemeAll monetary amounts are Australian dollars unless otherwise indicated.2Executive SummaryKiribati’s copra subsidy is a major element of the government’s economic strategy that simultaneously accomplishes three key goals. First, it reduces poverty. Second, it incentivizes living on the outer islands rather than