国际能源署-评估液化天然气供应和减排方案的排放量（英）

Assessing Emissions from LNG Supply and Abatement OptionsThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries, 13 Association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.orgIEA Member countries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico NetherlandsNew Zealand NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic SpainSweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndia Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailand UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYAssessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options Introduction PAGE | 3 I EA. CC BY 4.0. Introduction Around 550 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas were exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2024, just under 15% of global natural gas consumption. A further 500 bcm of natural gas were transported through pipelines. Global LNG supply has grown faster than overall natural gas demand in recent years. This trend is set to continue with the arrival of nearly 300 bcm of new annual LNG supply capacity between 2025 and 2030. Previous International Energy Agency (IEA) analysis has highlighted that the greenhouse gas emissions associated with extracting, processing and transporting natural gas are, on average, around 12 grammes of CO2 equivalent (g CO2-eq) per megajoule (MJ). About 55 g CO2/MJ are emitted when natural gas is combusted and so the process of extracting natural gas and bringing it to consumers represents 15% of its full life-cycle emissions. There is a broad range of emissions from extracting, processing and transporting natural gas, which vary by more than five-fold across different geographies. Given the high energy requirements to liquefy and transport gas over long distances, LNG tends to have higher emissions than natural gas that is produced close to where it is consumed (emissions from gas transported by pipeline also vary widely, often according to the distances involved). Several importing countries are starting to assess the emissions intensity of oil and gas imports, for example, through the EU regulation on methane emissions and the Coalition for LNG Emissions Abatement toward Net-zero (CLEAN). There has been a large increase in the availability and