牛津经济研究院-Kuiper项目在欧盟启动伙伴关系的经济影响（英）

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PROJECT KUIPER’S LAUNCHPARTNERSHIPS IN THE EUAN INDEPENDENT REPORT BYOXFORD ECONOMICS FOR AMAZONJUNE 20251The Economic Impact of Project Kuiper’sLaunch Partnerships in the EUTABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive summary1. Introduction2. Economic impact of Project Kuiper’s launch partnerships in the EU2.1 Project Kuiper’s direct impact at its launch partners’ operational sites2.2 Project Kuiper’s indirect (supply chain) impact2.3 Project Kuiper’s induced (wage spending) Impact2.4 Total economic impact3. Project Kuiper’s economic impact in five EU countries3.1 France3.2 Germany3.3 Italy3.4 Sweden3.5 SpainAppendix: Economic Impact Methodology28121214161720212325272931The Economic Impact of Project Kuiper’sLaunch Partnerships in the EU2CONTEXT AND SCOPE OF THE REPORTProject Kuiper, financed and operated by Amazon, aims to help bridge the global digital divide by providing broadband access to unserved and underserved communities. To achieve this, Amazon will deploy a constellation of over 3,000 satellites into low Earth orbit.Deploying such a large volume of satellites requires considerable rocket launch capacity, and Project Kuiper has secured more than 80 launches globally to do so—the largest commercial procurement of launch vehicles in history.1 In this way, Project Kuiper is helping to re-energise the European Union (EU) space sector through its spending with its launch partners.As of 2023, the EU space sector had yet to fully recover from a drop in sales coinciding with the Covid-19 pandemic. Total sales in the EU space sector were €8.4 billion in 2023 compared to their peak of €8.8 billion in 2018.2 Sales of launcher systems similarly peaked before the pandemic in 2019 at around €1.7 billion, compared to €1.2 billion in 2023.3 Employment has continued to grow in recent years with the sector supporting around 57,900 jobs as of 2023.4This report quantifies the economic impact of Project Kuiper’s global launch partnerships in the EU, and in five countries where these partnerships are expected to have the largest impact.5 Two of the four partners included in the report, Arianespace and Beyond Gravity, have direct operations within the EU. Project Kuiper contracted 18 launches of the Ariane 6 rocket with Arianespace that will deploy several hundred Project Kuiper satellites into low Earth orbit. Beyond Gravity manufactures the satellite dispenser systems used by Project Kuiper’s launch service providers at its specially-built facility in southern Sweden. Blue Origin and United Launch Alliance are US-based launch service providers for Project Kuiper that both have supply chains in the EU.6TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT IN THE EU OF PROJECT KUIPER’S LAUNCH PARTNERSHIPSTo assess the economic impact of Project Kuiper, we used a standard impact assessment methodology, which considers three channels of impact: direct, indirect, and induced (defined in section 1.1 of the report below).EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3,232 The number of satellites that will form the Pr