基于LTE-V2X预警类应用的功能安全分析（正式发布）

基于 LTE-V2X 预警类应用的功能安全分析 2025.4 摘 要 本研究基于 LTE-V2X 直连通信技术，对预警类应用的功能安全进行了系统分析。研究背景指出，传统的功能安全分析方法主要针对单车系统，近年来 V2X 技术逐渐发展，智能网联汽车应用不断增加，但缺乏系统性的功能安全分析方法。本研究选取前向碰撞预警（FCW）、交叉路口碰撞预警（ICW）和闯红灯预警（RLVW）三个典型应用场景，对基于 LTE-V2X 预警类应用的功能安全分析进行了技术探索。 在研究现状部分，本研究总结了国内外的相关研究和标准，包括 5GAA的STiCAD项目、中国汽车工程学会的 T/CSAE 53 标准、汽标委的预警类应用技术要求和试验方法，以及 C-NCAP 2024 版测试规程中的相关场景。本研究还对 V2X 预警类应用进行了分类，分为安全类和效率类应用，并指出安全类应用与功能安全的相关性更大，因此本研究以安全类的三个典型应用场景为目标展开分析。 在功能安全分析方法论部分，本研究基于 GB/T 34590 的框架，详细阐述了相关项定义、危害分析和风险评估、功能安全概念等步骤。 在第 5 章到第 7 章的三个章节，本研究针对前向碰撞预警（FCW）、交叉路口碰撞预警（ICW）、闯红灯预警（RLVW）应用，分别进行了相关项定义、潜在危害识别、ASIL 分析等工作，提出了针对安全目标的功能安全要求。 在总结及展望部分，建议以本研究为开端，将 GB/T 34590 的功能安全分析方法拓展至 V2X 系统。本研究的主要结论为：QM 级别的功能安全设计能够满足 V2X 预警类应用的需求。 Executive Summary This study conducts a systematic functional safety analysis for LTE-V2X warning applications based on the ISO 26262 (GB/T 34590) methodology. The background highlights the need for systematic functional safety analysis for V2X applications as traditional methods only cover ego-vehicle systems. With the advancement of V2X technology, there is an increasing number of intelligent connected vehicle applications requiring such analysis. The scope of the study includes functional safety analysis for warning applications based on LTE-V2X direct communication, focusing on three typical scenarios: Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Intersection Collision Warning (ICW), and Red Light Violation Warning (RLVW). These applications provide warning information without vehicle control intervention, leaving the driver to take appropriate actions based on the warnings. The current status chapter reviews global and domestic advancements in V2X functional safety, including the 5GAA's STiCAD project, standards from the China Society of Automotive Engineers, and V2X warning application scenarios in the C-NCAP 2024 test procedures. The functional safety analysis methodology section details the steps based on GB/T 34590, including item definition, hazard analysis and risk assessment, and functional safety concepts. Through detailed analysis of the three typical scenarios, potential hazards are identified, and corresponding functional safety requirements are proposed. In the following three chapters, this study conducts the following work for Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Intersection Collision Warning (ICW), and Red Light Violation Warning (RLVW) applications respectively: item definition, hazard analysis and risk assessment, ASIL analysis and functional safety requirements. The study concludes that V2X functional safety analysis should be integrated into the ISO 26262 framework. The potential hazards in typical V2X warning scenarios can be managed with QM-level safety measures. 目 录 摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ........................................................