【国际货币基金组织】比利时-精选问题（英）

© 2025 International Monetary Fund IMF Country Report No. 25/70 BELGIUM SELECTED ISSUES This paper on Belgium was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on March 3, 2025. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Web: http://www.imf.org International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. March 2025 BELGIUM SELECTED ISSUES Approved ByEuropean Department Prepared by Yu Ching Wong, Xun Li, Jean-Jacques Hallaert, Karen Coulibaly (all EUR) and Ed Hearne (FAD) INCREASING PUBLIC INVESTMENT, FOSTERING DIGITALIZATION, AND SUPPORTING THE GREEN TRANSITION: A DIFFICULT CHALLENGE UNDER FISCAL CONSOLIDATION __________________________________________________________________________ 4A. Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________ 4B. Current State of Public Investment ______________________________________________________ 6C. Addressing Investment Needs for Digitalization and the Green Transition ____________ 10D. Policy Recommendations ______________________________________________________________ 15E. Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________________ 16BOXES 1. Public Investment: A Catalyst for Demand and Growth Potential ________________________ 52. Consideration on Measurement of Public Investment ____________________________________ 73. Climate Physical Risks and Economic Impact ___________________________________________ 124. Investment in Electricity Grids __________________________________________________________ 14FIGURES 1. Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Capital Stock _________________________________________ 62. Public Gross Fixed Capital Formation _____________________________________________________ 73. Public GFCF by Function (COFOG) ________________________________________________________ 84. Public GFCF by Government ____________________________________________________________ 95. Infrastructure Efficiency ________________________________________________________________ 96. Current State of Digital Infrastructure __________________________________________________ 107. Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Electricity Prices ______________________________________________ 138. Electric Vehicles and Electricity Prices _________________________________________________ 14References ________________________________________________________________________________ 17 CONTENTS March 3, 2025 BELGIUM 2 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE IN BELGIUM ___ 19 A. Introduction and Overview __________________________________________________________________