实现绿色氢能经济-德勤-英-38页.pdf

Actualizing the green hydrogen economyLegal and financial considerations to advance sustainable energyExecutive Summary 031. Introduction 062.  Legal policy framework 093.  Financial and investment considerations to green hydrogen 143.1. Economic and financial characteristics of green hydrogen 153.2. Overview of some of the main financial and economic instruments to help increase bankability of green hydrogen projects 193.3. Effectiveness of the main financial and economic instruments 214. Recommendations 24Appendix: The case study and calculation of different indicators 26Endnotes 30Authors and Contacts 35Deloitte Center for Sustainable Progress 3702Actualizing the green hydrogen economy | Table of ContentsExecutive SummaryActualizing the green hydrogen economy | Executive Summary03Action on the global climate crisis front is wanting and far from sufficient. Findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6) highlight that projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages intensify with every increment of global temperature rising. Limiting global warming requires deep decarbonization of the whole economy. Such a transition to net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions entails low carbon intensity at each sector of the economy and important changes in behaviors, regulations, and institutions. For hard-to-abate sectors such as heavy-duty transport and some industrial processes where electrification can be very difficult or impossible, mitigation options can include decarbonizing through abatement technologies and switching to new low- and zero-emitting energy carriers such as clean hydrogen and its derivative molecules, such as ammonia, methanol and other synthetic fuels.This paper reviews the green hydrogen landscape providing insights on current and developing law and policy frameworks, finance, and bankability considerations, and provides recommendations to help advance the green hydrogen value chain considering key challenges and areas of opportunity.Given the nascent nature of the clean hydrogen sector, alignment of the policy and regulatory architecture towards a Paris-aligned green hydrogen economy can provide important legal clarity, certainty and can create an enabling environment for stakeholder engagement across the value chain. The global policy environment on the development of a green hydrogen economy is shaping up, notably via the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), the German H2Global offtake platform, and other national and regional hydrogen strategies in areas such as the European Union, the United Arab Emirates and Australia. While the importance of finance and different cost-reduction support mechanisms (such as operational or investment support schemes) was underscored across these regions, the policy environment currently lacks sufficient region-specific tools to help kickstart the green hydrogen economy.The physical and economic characteristics of green hydrogen make