未来能源研究所-新兴工业技术能否竞争？界定美国直接锂提取的市场可行性（英）

Can Emerging Industrial Technologies Compete? Scoping the Market Viability of Direct Lithium Extraction in the United StatesACan Emerging Industrial Technologies Compete? Scoping the Market Viability of Direct Lithium Extraction in the United StatesFrances Fitzgerald and Beia SpillerReport 25-16 October 2025Resources for the FutureiAbout the AuthorsFrances Fitzgerald is a Master of Public Policy candidate at Harvard Kennedy School, where she studies the geopolitics of energy and green industrial policy. Previously, she worked as a Senior Analyst at a geopolitical consultancy and a staffer at the U.S. House of Representatives. She holds a B.A. in Political Economy from the University of California, Berkeley.Beia Spiller is a fellow and the director for Resources for the Future’s (RFF’s) Transportation Program. Prior to joining RFF, she was Lead Senior Economist at Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), where she worked for almost a decade. She was also a Board member for the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists through 2024. Spiller is an energy economist, with experience working on electricity and transportation issues. During her time at EDF, she participated in many electric utility proceedings in New York and California, with a goal of ushering in a cleaner, more efficient and equitable energy system.AcknowledgementsWe thank Aaron Malone for providing excellent feedback on and input to the report, and Sheryl Edwards, Jennifer Fowler, Jamie Liang, Remi Loiseau, Chad Martin, Arthur Orduña and Tim Wright for providing us with helpful background insights and information on DLE in SW Arkansas. Any errors are our own.Can Emerging Industrial Technologies Compete? Scoping the Market Viability of Direct Lithium Extraction in the United StatesiiAbout RFFResources for the Future (RFF) is an independent, nonprofit research institution in Washington, DC. Its mission is to improve environmental, energy, and natural resource decisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. RFF is committed to being the most widely trusted source of research insights and policy solutions leading to a healthy environment and a thriving economy. The views expressed here are those of the individual authors and may differ from those of other RFF experts, its officers, or its directors.Sharing Our WorkOur work is available for sharing and adaptation under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. You can copy and redistribute our material in any medium or format; you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made, and you may not apply additional restrictions. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. For more information, visit https://cr