欧洲疾控中心-威胁评估简报：在欧盟_欧洲经济区检测猴痘病毒Ib支的本地传播（英）

Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Threat Assessment Brief – Detection of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the EU/EEA. 24 October 2025. ECDC: Stockholm; 2025. © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, 2025 ISBN 978-92-9498-836-2 doi: 10.2900/2650354 Catalogue number TQ-01-25-066-EN-N THREAT ASSESSMENT BRIEF Detection of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the EU/EEA 24 October 2025 Summary This Threat Assessment Brief aims to assess the risk of autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade Ib in EU/EEA countries in the context of male-to-male sexual transmission. It is intended for public health authorities in EU/EEA countries and is based on currently available evidence. It therefore carries considerable uncertainty. Recommendations how public health authorities can respond at the country level together with an overview of knowledge gaps in the context of MPXV clade Ib are also included. Epidemiological situation • On 10 October 2025, Spain reported its first locally acquired clade Ib mpox case. On 17 October, four additional clade Ib mpox cases were reported to ECDC among males without travel history by Italy (two), Portugal (one) and the Netherlands (one). All five cases had mild symptoms. Some of the individuals reported having sexual contact with another male. • These recent cases, where there is no travel history, represent a different pattern of transmission and indicate that transmission may be occurring in sexual networks among men who have sex with men in several EU/EEA countries. The 30 clade I mpox cases reported in the EU/EEA previously were all imported or had clear links to imported cases. Risk assessment • Based on current evidence, the overall risk of MPXV clade Ib infection is assessed as moderate for men who have sex with men and low for the general population. • It is likely that further cases are present among men who have sex with men in the EU/EEA but have not yet been detected. ECDC will continue to closely monitor and review this risk assessment should the situation evolve into a larger outbreak. Recommendations • EU/EEA countries should ensure laboratory testing is easily accessible, particularly in locations that serve men who have sex with men, and that clinicians and laboratories can report cases to public health authorities rapidly. • Identifying clades should be done where individuals have been diagnosed with mpox, and clade I viruses should be sequenced as soon as possible. THREAT ASSESSMENT BRIEF Detection of autochthonous transmission of MPXV clade Ib in the EU/EEA – 24 October 2025 2 • Vaccination should be made available to all individuals at substantially higher risk of exposure to MPXV, in addition to other preventive measures. Public health professionals should advise individuals om groups at higher risk of infection to seek vaccination proactively. • Contact tr