麦肯锡-建筑行业的仿人机器人：未来愿景（英）

Engineering, Construction & Building Materials PracticeHumanoid robots in the construction industry: A future visionHumanoid robots are still at the pilot stage but could emerge as the solution to the construction sector’s productivity problem. How can industry leaders prepare for their entry into the workforce?This article is a collaborative effort by Ani Kelkar, Christian Jansen, Erik Sjödin, Jose Luis Blanco, Mikael Robertson, and Sebastian Reiter, with Susanna Tulokas and Tanja Thirring, representing views from McKinsey’s Engineering, Construction & Building Materials Practice.October 2025For decades, the construction industry has wrestled with both rising demand and shrinking labor capacity. Productivity has stagnated, and the situation could soon worsen: Many workers are nearing retirement, and fewer young people are entering the field because of safety concerns, uncertainty about future prospects, and the physical intensity of construction work. To alleviate the labor crunch, some businesses have already automated a few common activities, including bricklaying and concreting, using purpose-built robots. A logical next step might involve the use of general-purpose robots, which can perform diverse, unrelated tasks across multiple settings.General-purpose robots could be useful in a range of construction activities, from moving heavy concrete blocks to welding and plumbing. Although these robots come in various forms, humanoids—those that resemble people in size and shape—attract the most attention. Humanoids are still relatively early in development, but they could potentially transform industries if developers and other stakeholders can overcome technological, regulatory, financial, and operational hurdles.Within construction, large-scale humanoid usage may be a decade away, partly because these robots still have difficulty navigating busy, unstructured worksites. But construction leaders should begin preparing for humanoid deployment now, because recent technological advances suggest the possibility of an accelerated timeline. The priority for business leaders should be to create a future workplace where humanoids are deployed to support workers, rather than replace them—creating a win for managers juggling multiple priorities, overburdened frontline staff, and customers who want projects completed more quickly.The construction dilemmaAlthough construction technology has significantly advanced over the past two decades, construction industry productivity had a CAGR of only 0.4 percent between 2000 and 20221—far lower than that of other industries such as manufacturing, which had a 3.0 percent CAGR over the same period (Exhibit 1). Most growth in construction productivity resulted from activity in emerging markets.Construction companies have achieved some productivity gains by applying digital tools, including building information modeling and computer-aided design. Overall, however, the industry has been slower to digitize tasks compared