国际天然气联盟-地下储气库-能源安全的关键支柱（英）

UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE1UNDERGROUNDGAS STORAGEUNDERGROUNDGAS STORAGEA CRITICAL PILLAR FOR ENERGY SECURITYUNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE2TABLE OF CONTENTSABBREVIATIONSFOREWORDKEY HIGHLIGHTS1. INTRODUCTION1.1 STATE OF PLAY OF UGS WORLDWIDE1.2. UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE IN THE WORLD1.3. WGV AND PWR (POTENTIAL WITHDRAWAL RATE) AS PER STORAGE TYPE1.4. WGV IN OPERATION BY NATION2. ASSESSING THE TRUE VALUE OF GAS STORAGE2.1. SOURCE OF ENERGY SYSTEM RESILIENCE2.2. THE SIZING OF STORAGE CAPACITIES 2.3. UNDERGROUND STORAGE AS A NOTABLE ADVANTAGE IN TACKLING ENERGY SYSTEM PRESSURES 3. SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY AND GAS STORAGE4. THE NEED FOR A “WHOLE-SYSTEM” APPROACH4.1 SAFEGUARDING AGAINST ENERGY RISKS4.2. TARGETED INTERVENTIONREFERENCESFIGURESACKNOWLEDGEMENTS3.4.5.7.8.8.9.10.11.11.11.12.13.15.15.15.16.16.17.ABBREVIATIONSAGA BCMCAPEXCISEIAEUIGULNGMCMOPEXPWRUHSUGSWGVAMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION BILLION CUBIC METRESCAPITAL EXPENDITURETHE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATESENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION EUROPEAN UNIONINTERNATIONAL GAS UNIONLIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS MILLION CUBIC METRESOPERATIONAL EXPENDITUREPOTENTIAL WITHDRAWAL RATEUNDERGROUND HYDROGEN STORAGE UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGEWORKING GAS VOLUMES UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE3UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE4The global energy market is undergoing a challenging transition — one that is not just technological or regulatory, but systemic. This shift signifies a true paradigm change, characterised by the emergence of new interactions and interdependencies across value chains, sectors, and regions. These changing dynamics introduce both increased uncertainty and greater vulnerability to unforeseen shocks—whether geopolitical, environmental, or economic.A system that relies solely on the development of short-term renewable energies would neglect the fact that significant challenges remain unresolved, particularly the need for a renewable endowment requiring extensive storage capabilities over time and space, supported by the expansion of the transmission network that could link increasingly diverse regions and energy systems in the future.This requires forward-looking investment not only in clean production, but also in the expansion and interconnection of transmission networks, supported by robust storage capacities, allowing regional energy systems to gradually merge and streghten one another. In this context, and considering the capital-intensive nature of network industries, it is essential to establish a policy and regulatory framework that fosters long-term visibility and confidence for investors. This includes recognising the role of Gas storage infrastructures as fundamental assets, vital not only for ensuring system resilience but also for promoting effective competition and achieving national and global sustainability objectives.Underground Gas storage must be recognised for its systemic importance — not just as a flexibility tool but as a vital part of future energy frameworks. As the energy transition progresses, some values h