世界银行-海水淡化与回用的治理与经济学-第3卷（英）

Governance and Economics of Desalination and ReuseVOLUME 3 Evaluating Economic Viability Using Modern Portfolio TheoryPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedAbout the Global Department for Water The World Bank Group’s Global Department for Water brings together financing, knowledge, and implementation in one platform. By combining the Bank’s global knowledge with country investments, this model generates more firepower for transformational solutions to help countries grow sustainably.Please visit us at www.worldbank.org/water or follow us on X: @WorldBankWater.About GWSPThis publication received the support of the Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP). GWSP is a multidonor trust fund administered by the World Bank’s Global Department for Water and supported by Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; Austria’s Federal Ministry of Finance; Denmark’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Netherlands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Gates Foundation; Spain’s Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation; the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Switzerland’s State Secretariat for Economic Affairs; the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; and the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.Please visit us at www.worldbank.org/gwsp or follow us on X: @TheGwsp.About PPIAF The Public–Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) helps developing-country governments strengthen policies, regulations, and institutions that enable sustainable infrastructure with private-sector participation. As part of these efforts, PPIAF promotes knowledge-transfer by capturing lessons while funding research and tools available on its knowledge platform—the Global Infrastructure Hub; builds capacity to scale infrastructure delivery; and assists sub-national entities in accessing financing without sovereign guarantees. Supported by donors and administered by the World Bank, our work helps generate hundreds of millions in infrastructure investment. Please visit us at https://www.ppiaf.org/ or follow us on X: @PPIAF_PPP. About PROBLUEPROBLUE is a multidonor trust fund housed at the World Bank that supports the development of integrated, sustainable and healthy marine and coastal resources. PROBLUE contributes to the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14 and is fully aligned with the World Bank’s vision to create a world free of poverty on a livable planet.Please visit us at https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/problue.June 2025Governance and Economics of Desalination and ReuseVOLUME 3Evaluating Economic Viability Using Modern Portfolio Theory© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretati