世界银行-清洁氢气共享基础设施（英）

A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY & EXTRACTIVES GLOBAL PRACTICE2025/145AUGUST 2025Shared Infrastructure for Clean Hydrogen AuthorshipThe bottom line. Studies of the development of clean hydrogen have often focused on the production side. Infrastructure built and used for storage and transportation warrants more attention. Among the topics that should be assessed are system design, operation, integration, and ownership; market design and governance; and planning. This Live Wire examines case studies and literature on the infrastructure for hydrogen hubs, with an emphasis on the benefits of shared infrastructure. Given the breadth of hydrogen production and infrastructure, the focus is on renewable hydrogen production for domestic use and for export after conversion to ammonia.Global investment related to hydrogen infrastructure could amount to between $1.5 and $5 trillion between now and 2050 (Hydrogen Council 2022; Palladino 2023; ESMAP et al. 2024). For that reason, the World Bank is receiving a growing number of requests related to hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen hubs. This includes expansion or development of ports or port terminals for exporting hydrogen or hydrogen derivatives such as ammonia, and related infrastructure in Brazil, India, Mauritania, Namibia, Panama, and South Africa. Activities range from assessment of legal and regula-tory frameworks to techno-economic studies and financing of infrastructure investments. The overall investment requirements for hydrogen out to 2050 are highly uncertain, given that their size and timing depend on many factors. These factors include how fast the capital cost of electrolysis plants, PV and wind projects, storage and transportation infrastructure, and end-use assets fall with deployment and scale; how and where global production and demand grow over time; and the split between different applications—all of which carry significant uncertainty. This Live Wire uses the terms “renewable hydrogen” and “low-carbon hydrogen” for what are sometimes called “green” and “blue” hydrogen. Renewable hydrogen is produced from renewable power sources. Low-carbon hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS). “Clean hydrogen” is used to designate both.This Live Wire was prepared by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program at the World Bank in support of the Hydrogen for Development Partnership. H4D consists of nearly 50 partner organizations around the world. It assists countries that have included low-emissions hydrogen in their long-term decarbonization strategies. The authors were Rafael Ben, an energy specialist at ESMAP, Dolf Gielen, ESMAP’s hydrogen lead, and Thomas Jenkin, an ESMAP consultant and adjunct lecturer at Johns Hopkins University. Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedShared Infrastructure for Clean Hydrogen2Why does infrastructure matter? Infrastructure planning