世界银行-巴西首都城市交通预算（英）

Acknowledgments: This note is one of a series of analytic and advisory outputs of the Brazil Mobility and Logistics for Sustainability and Resilience project (P179908) conducted under the guidance of Bianca Bianchi Alves (Practice Manager, Transport, Latin America and the Caribbean) and Luis Alberto Andres (Program Leader, Infrastructure, Brazil). The team thanks colleagues Aiga Stokenberga (Senior Transport Specialist), Emanuela Monteiro (Senior Urban Development Specialist), and Arturo Ardila Gomez (Lead Urban Transport Specialist) for their constructive peer review. Icon: Generated with Microsoft Copilot 365. BUDGETING FOR URBAN TRANSPORT IN BRAZILIAN CAPITAL CITIES BRAZIL TRANSPORT SECTOR NOTE June 2025 Transport expenditures are a sizable share of many Brazilian city budgets. While capital expenditures in the transport sector often target road improvements, operating expenditures are increasingly focused on supporting municipal bus systems (especially following the COVID-19 pandemic). By (i) re-prioritizing investments towards more inclusive and environmentally sustainable modes, including walking, biking, and public transport; (ii) re-evaluating concession models for public transport; and (iii) exploring new funding sources, Brazil can unlock greater economic and social development and improve the quality of life for its highly urban citizens. Ana Waksberg Guerrini, Pedro de Lima Marin, and Joanna Moody Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized1 CONTEXT Brazil is a highly urbanized country with as much as 87 percent of people living in cities.1 Populations are highly concentrated in the country’s largest urban areas. In 2024, the country was home to 15 cities with over 1 million inhabitants (of which 13 are state capitals); a total of 42.7 million people live in these cities representing 20.1 percent of Brazil’s population.2 São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian city, with 11.9 million inhabitants, followed by Rio de Janeiro (6.7 million), Brasília (3 million), Fortaleza (2.6 million) and Salvador (2.6 million). This concentration of people in Brazil’s cities demands a robust and efficient urban transport system to serve their trips. Meeting these travel needs requires a multi-modal transport system shaped by investments in infrastructure and services. For example, in 2023, São Paulo’s 11.9 million people traveled an estimated 33.5 million trips daily. Of these daily trips, an estimated 34.8 percent is made by public transport (including bus, metro, and commuter rail), 29.4 percent by walking, 28.3 percent by car, and 2.1 percent by motorcycle, and 0.8 percent by bicycle.3 In Rio de Janeiro, an estimated 47.3 percent of daily trips are made by public transport (including bus, paratransit, metro, train, and ferry), 27.2 percent by walking, 22.7 percent by car, 7.0 percent by taxi, 1.0 percent by bicycle