欧洲疾控中心-流感嗜血杆菌病-2023年度流行病学报告（英）

Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 – Haemophilus influenzae disease. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. Stockholm, July 2025 © European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2025. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. ECDC NORMAL Key facts • In 2023, 5,234 confirmed cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease were reported in the EU/EEA, representing a continued increase compared to the previous year (3 983 in 2022) and a substantial rise from pandemic-era figures (1 693 in 2021, 1 838 in 2020), coinciding with the post-COVID-19 return to typical respiratory disease transmission patterns. • The notification rate rose to 1.2 cases per 100 000 population, the highest observed in the past five years, up from 0.9 in 2022 and 0.4 in both 2020 and 2021. • Age-specific rates remained highest among infants under one year of age (6.41 per 100 000 population), followed by those aged 65 years and older (3.2 per 100 000 population). • Serotyping data were available for 60% of cases. Among cases with known serotype, non-capsulated strains continued to dominate, accounting for 81% of infections. Serotype f was the most frequent capsulated strain, responsible for 6% (194 cases) of all cases, followed by serotype b 5% (164 cases) • In 2023, serotype b (Hib) represented 5% of known serotyped cases, reflecting a slight decline from 9.1% in 2022. The low proportion of serotype b (Hib) reported continues to reflect the strong effect of the Hib vaccination programmes in EU/EEA countries. Introduction: Invasive Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause severe bacterial infections, particularly in the case of the type b strain, that affects both children and adults, with young children being most at risk. The bacteria can cause a number of serious conditions including meningitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. [1]. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae, particularly type B (Hib), causes severe infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, septicaemia, and epiglottitis, especially in young children. Humans are the only known reservoir, and transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or secretions. Although the incubation period is not well defined, disease usually develops within a week of exposure. The mortality rate can be to 5-10% in industrialised countries and as high as 40% in low-resource settings. Survivors may experience long-term complications, including neurological and developmental impairments. Since the introduction of the Hib vaccine in the 1980s, routine immunisation in the EU/EEA has nearly eradicated Hib-related meningitis in young children. Nevertheless, vigilance remains essential, with treatment relying on antibiotics; antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for close contacts. SURVEILLANCE REPORT Haemophilus influenzae disease Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 SURVEILLANCE REPORT Annual epidemiological report for 20