世界银行-印度-2012年至2022年至2023年的贫困趋势：方法论说明（英）

India: Trends in Poverty, 2011-12 to 2022-23 Methodology Note May 2025 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized P a g e 2 | 78 A reproducibility package for this report is available in the Reproducible Research Repository at https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/280 P a g e 3 | 78 This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. A core World Bank India Poverty and Equity team worked under the guidance of Ximena del Carpio (Practice Manager, Poverty and Equity, South Asia Region). The team included Nancy Puranbhai Devpura (Research Analyst), Maria Fernanda Gonzalez Icaza (Economist), Diego Lestani (Extended Term Consultant), Julia Liniado (Consultant), Nishtha Kochhar (Economist), Nandini Krishnan (Lead Economist), Naresh Kumar (Economist), and Ayago Wambile (Senior Economist). Throughout, the team benefited from technical review and guidance from an advisory group comprising both external and World Bank members, including Laura Moreno Herrera (Senior Data Scientist, World Bank), Himanshu (Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University), Peter Lanjouw (Professor, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Juan Munoz (Sistemas Integrales), Sergio Olivieri (Senior Economist, World Bank), Jaime Fernandez Romero (Data Scientist, World Bank), and Nobuo Yoshida (Lead Economist, World Bank). The team benefited from technical consultations with the World Bank’s Global Poverty Working Group (GPWG) and the Poverty Global Department’s Advisory Group. P a g e 4 | 78 Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................................ 7 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 11 2. Background on poverty measurement in India ..................................................................... 12 2.1 National poverty lines ......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 International poverty lines .................................................................................................. 12 3. Background on the CES and caveats on comparability ......................................................... 14 3.1 Coverage and timeline for data collection ............................................................................ 14 3.2 Transition from PAPI to CAPI for data collection in 2022-23 ................................................... 14 3.3 Sample design in 2022-23 and changes from the 2011-12 CES ............................................. 15 3.4 Changes in the recall period between 2011-12 and 2022-23 ................................................. 17 3.5 Changes in the questionnaires between 2011-12 and 2022-23 ..............