亚开行-菲律宾老年人贫困状况的描述性分析（英）

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKA DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AMONG OLDER PEOPLE IN THE PHILIPPINESJose Ramon G. Albert, Arturo Martinez Jr., Aiko Kikkawa, Donghyun Park, Gemma Estrada, Mar Andriel Umali, and Joseph Albert Niño BulanADB ECONOMICSWORKING PAPER SERIESNO. 789July 2025ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKThe ADB Economics Working Paper Series presents research in progress to elicit comments and encourage debate on development issues in Asia and the Pacific. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of ADB or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.ADB Economics Working Paper SeriesA Descriptive Analysis of Poverty Among Older People in the PhilippinesJose Ramon G. Albert, Arturo Martinez Jr., Aiko Kikkawa, Donghyun Park, Gemma Estrada, Mar Andriel Umali, and Joseph Albert Niño BulanNo. 789 | July 2025Jose Ramon G. Albert (jrgalbert@gmail.com) and Mar Andriel Umali (maumali.consultant@adb.org) are consultants, Arturo Martinez Jr. (amartinezjr@adb.org) is a senior statistician, Aiko Kikkawa (akikkawa@adb.org) is a senior economist, Donghyun Park (dpark@adb.org) is an economic advisor, Gemma Estrada is a former staff, and Joseph Albert Niño Bulan (jbulan@adb.org) is an associate statistics officer at the Economic Research and Development Impact Department, Asian Development Bank. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)© 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.orgSome rights reserved. Published in 2025.ISSN 2313-6537 (print), 2313-6545 (PDF)Publication Stock No. WPS250261-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS250261-2The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another