英文【ERIA】东盟低碳能源技术路线图（ALERT）-第一阶段：东盟关于氢和氨的长期战略

ERIA Research Project Report FY2025, No. 8 ASEAN Low-carbon Energy Technologies Roadmap (ALERT) – Phase I: ASEAN’s Long-term Strategy on Hydrogen and Ammonia By ERIA ASEAN Centre for Energy ii ASEAN Low-carbon Energy Technologies Roadmap (ALERT) – Phase I: ASEAN’s Long-term Strategy on Hydrogen and Ammonia Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) Sentral Senayan II 6th Floor Jalan Asia Afrika No. 8, Gelora Bung Karno Senayan, Jakarta Pusat 12710 Indonesia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2025 ERIA Research Project Report FY2025, No. 8 Published in July 2025 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without prior written notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respective chapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in content or citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgement. iii List of Project Members Authors Nadhilah Shani, Manager of Power Generation and Interconnection Department, ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Dr. Ambiyah Abdullah, Senior Researcher of Energy Modelling and Policy Planning Department, ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Marcel Nicky Arianto, Researcher of Power Generation and Interconnection Department, ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Beni Suryadi, Senior Manager of Strategic Partnership for the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (Project Coordinator) Nadhilah Shani, Manager of Power Generation and Interconnection (Author) Dr Ambiyah Abdullah, Senior Researcher of Energy Modelling and Policy Planning Department (Author) Marcel Nicky Arianto, Researcher of Power Generation and Interconnection Department (Author) ERIA Tran Dong Phuong, Senior Policy Fellow (Project Coordinator/ Editor) Dr Alloysius Joko Purwanto, Energy Economist (Project Coordinator/ Editor) Shafa Nabilla Haya, Research Associate (Editor) iv Contents List of Project Members iii List of Figures v List of Tables vii Executive Summary viii Chapter 1 Global Hydrogen and Ammonia Development 1 Chapter 2 The Hydrogen and Ammonia Landscape in the ASEAN Region 50 Chapter 3 Opportunities in Developing Low-carbon Hydrogen and Ammonia Technology 69 Chapter 4 Analysis of Hydrogen and Ammonia’s Role in the ASEAN Energy Sector 87 References 99 Annex 104 v List of Figures Figure 1.1 Competitiveness of Hydrogen Technologies and Low-carbon Alternatives Worldwide 4 Figure 1.2 Global Hydrogen Flows, Further Acceleration Scenario 11 Figure 1.3 Expected Ammonia Demand to 2050