Publika促进欧洲在人工智能领域主权发展的策略（英）

June 2025 based on a report by L. Dibiaggio, L. Nesta and S. Vannuccini (2024). European sovereignty in artificial intelligence: A competence-based perspective 2024 Edition Rapporteurs: Frédérique Vidal and Sean Scull. 2 SKEMA Publika is an independent think tank that works to produce accessible international thought far from formatted conventions, to fuel public debate and better inform national and international policymakers. Affiliated with SKEMA Business School, the think tank addresses political and societal issues connected with public policy and on which SKEMA has a legitimate voice. It tackles them from the angle of early signs, anticipates and formulates recommendations for “after”. It uses a multidisciplinary and hybrid approach to information processing, combining human and digital intelligence. It draws on the international and transcultural dimension of SKEMA, a school present on five continents and boasting thousands of students and hundreds of researchers. INSIGHTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 3 I. ORIGINAL INSIGHTS FROM THE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................... 5 II. MEASUREMENT OF THE SPECIFICITIES OF THE AI INDUSTRY ............................................................................. 5 MEASUREMENT OF INVESTMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 5 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATION .................................................................................................................. 6 THE NEED FOR PRODUCTIVE SPECIALISATION .................................................................................................... 8 IMPACT OF THE COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS ................................................ 9 III. THE DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES WORLDWIDE ............................................................................. 10 THE NEED TO ESTABLISH A EUROPEAN DOCTRINE ........................................................................................... 10 SMART LAW: A PRAGMATIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR AI .................................................................... 10 LEVERS UNDER DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................................................... 11 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROMPTING THE EMERGENCE OF EUROPEAN AI SOVEREIGNTY ......................... 12 1. THE NEED FOR INTEGRATION IN EUROPEAN MARKETS ......................................................................... 12 2. DEVELOPING A STRATEGY OF INTEGRATION .......................................................................................... 13 3. DRAWING INSPIRATION FROM OTHER COUNTRIES TO DEVELOP A PRODUCTIVE SPECIALISATION ...... 14 4. TRAINI