欧洲电力行业联盟-新工业时代-为欧洲工业竞争力量身定制的电气化途径（英）

The new industrial ageTailored electrification pathwaysfor Europe’s industrial competitivenessINDUSTRIAL ELECTRIFICATION COMPETITIVENESSContext and objectives01Project approach and methodology02Findings03Conclusions04An ecosystem approach05ContentINDUSTRIAL ELECTRIFICATION COMPETITIVENESSA secure energy supply is essential for industry to flourish. European reliance on fossil fuel imports exposes our industries to heightened volatility of fuel and affects electricity prices.The European Union is also driving towards climate-neutrality by 2050. Industry represents over 20% of carbon emissions (2022), as the third largest sector behind energy supply and domestic transportation1. Industrial electrification, supplied by net zero generation technologies, creates an opportunity for industry to increase competitiveness, reduce exposure to external volatility and decarbonise. The path to electrification is well-trodden for processes which require low-medium temperatures (below 500 degrees) with mature technologies available e.g. heat pumps or electric boilers, but more challenging for high-temperature process (above 500 degrees) where technologies are less mature, e.g. electrical crackers for chemicals. Therefore, this study explores different industrial archetypes to understand the competitiveness of industrial electrification vis-a-vis fossil fuel processes and highlight potential actions required to support it.1 Greenhouse gas emissions by country and sectorElectrification is the catalyst for a resilient, competitive and climate-neutral industry, shielding us from fossil fuel volatility while driving forward a sustainable future.CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESContext and objectivesINDUSTRIAL ELECTRIFICATION COMPETITIVENESS2 EU imports of energy products - latest developments3 European Climate Risk Assessment4 Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation5 Direct electrification of industrial process heat6 Clean energy is boosting economic growth7 Advancing Clean Technology ManufacturingClimate impact Europe is heating at twice the global rate and will have to learn to live in a climate that is 3 degrees warmer, even in the best-case scenario where global warming is limited to the Paris Agreement threshold of 1.5 degrees3 - resulting in exponentially more heatwaves and other extreme weather events. Between 1980 and 2023, weather- and climate-related extreme weather events caused economic losses of €738 billion in the European Union, with over €162 billion (22%) between 2021 and 20234. Three quarters of industrial CO2 emissions result from burning fossil fuels that provide process heat. By 2035, 60-90% of industrial energy demand could be directly electrified, with technologies readily available today or under development5. To achieve climate neutrality by 2050, immediate action is required.Why industrial sector electrification mattersSovereignty benefitsIn 2023 and 2024, fossil fuel imports cost the EU over €350bn annually2, following a record amount in 2022 of