英文【麦肯锡】进取的群岛：推动印度尼西亚；生产率

The enterprising archipelago: Propelling Indonesia’s productivityApril 2025Authors Kevin Russell Chris Bradley Khoon Tee Tan Jeongmin Seong Phillia Wibowo Indiana Jusi Olivia White Ashwin Balasubramanian Antonius Santoso Guillaume de GantèsConfidential and proprietary. Any use of this material without specific permission of McKinsey & Company is strictly prohibited.Copyright © 2025 McKinsey & Company. All rights reserved.Cover image created by Darby.The McKinsey Global Institute was established in 1990. Our mission is to provide a fact base to aid decision-making on the economic and business issues most critical to the world’s companies and policy leaders. We benefit from the full range of McKinsey’s regional, sectoral, and functional knowledge, skills, and expertise, but editorial direction and decisions are solely the responsibility of MGI directors and partners. Our research is currently grouped into five major themes: — Productivity and prosperity: Creating and harnessing the world’s assets most productively — Resources of the world: Building, powering, and feeding the world sustainably — Human potential: Maximizing and achieving the potential of human talent — Global connections: Exploring how flows of goods, services, people, capital, and ideas shape economies — Technologies and markets of the future: Discussing the next big arenas of value and competition We aim for independent and fact-based research. None of our work is commissioned or funded by any business, government, or other institution; we share our results publicly free of charge; and we are entirely funded by the partners of McKinsey. While we engage multiple distinguished external advisers to contribute to our work, the analyses presented in our publications are MGI’s alone, and any errors are our own.You can find out more about MGI and our research at www.mckinsey.com/mgi.McKinsey Global InstituteMGI DirectorsSven Smit (chair) Chris Bradley Kweilin Ellingrud Sylvain Johansson Nick Leung Olivia White Lareina YeeMGI PartnersMekala Krishnan Anu Madgavkar Jan Mischke Jeongmin Seong1The enterprising archipelago: Propelling Indonesia’s productivity 2The enterprising archipelago: Propelling Indonesia’s productivity © eju juheri/Getty ImagesTo become a high-income country by 2045, Indonesia needs to create the right conditions for productivity growth and enable larger companies to thrive through capital deepening. — Achieving high-income status by 2045 would require Indonesia to increase productivity growth by 1.6 times. GDP would need to grow at 5.4 percent a year and productivity play a bigger part—accelerating its growth rate from 3.1 percent a year since 2000 to 4.9 percent, because of changing demographics. Other countries that started with comparable per capita GDP achieved high-income status within 15 to 30 years. — A radical scaling of investment by tripling the number of medium-size and large companies could deliver. Indonesian business is dominated by informal m