世界银行-欧盟27国的管理实践有何不同（英）

The WBES database can be used to gain insights on firms’ management practices in the EU-27 Te success of economic activities hinges on numerous and disparate factors, ranging from the entrepreneurial skills of business owners and managers to macroeconomic circumstances. Long regarded as an important factor afecting operations, the organization of frms—including their decision-making practices—has become an increasing area of focus for empirical researchers as quantitative measures have evolved to better understand how the management’s organizational choices can afect the performance of a business. A wealth of literature in the past ffteen years has confrmed the importance of management practices when running a business. More specifcally, evidence shows that better managed frms have higher operating profts, are more outward oriented, and invest more in research and development (Bloom et al. 2019; Hyland, Francis, and Rodriguez Meza 2019; Scur et al. 2021). In terms of the distribution of the adoption of better management practices across diferent economies, plenty of evidence supports the persistence of a thick and persistent cluster of badly managed frms, especially in developing countries (Bloom et al. 2010; Bloom, Sadum, and Van Reenen 2012). Tis Brief looks at management practices in the 27 European Union countries in the euro area (the EU27). First, it analyzes the geographical dispersion of management practices at the subnational level in the EU27. Next, it explores possible drivers of management practices—specifcally frm characteristics (such as age, size, ownership structure, and competitiveness) and managerial characteristics. Finally, the Brief relates management practices with establishments’ productivity, confrming the positive and robust correlation between the two. Te World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) questionnaire reserves one entire section to measure management practices, building on the pioneering work of Bloom and Van Reenen (2007, 2010). Drawing on recent literature (Hyland, Francis, and Rodriguez Meza 2019), this research efort uses eight of the variables obtained by these questions to build an overall management practice index to capture the quality of management practices. More specifcally, the management practices questions can be grouped into three categories: monitoring, target setting, and creating incentives. Two questions about monitoring ask how the frm collects and uses information to keep track of production processes and improve them. Tree questions ask about the nature and features of*Afliations: World Bank, Development Economics, Enterprise Analysis. For correspondence: dviganola@worldbank.org.Acknowledgments: Tis Brief is a part of a series focusing on issues of regional disparities and growth opportunities in the EU-27 area. Te series is a product of the World Bank’s Enterprise Analysis team (DECEA) and has beneftted from generous support from the EU DG REGIO directorate. Te authors would like to thank N