国际清算银行-拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的快速支付和金融普惠（英）

BIS Papers No 153 Fast payments and financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean by José Aurazo, Cecilia Franco, Jon Frost and Jamere McIntosh Monetary and Economic Department March 2025 JEL classification: G23, L51, O16. Keywords: Fast payments, fast payment systems, financial inclusion, interoperability, central bank digital currencies. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily the views of the BIS. This publication is available on the BIS website (www.bis.org). © Bank for International Settlements 2025. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISSN 1682-7651 (online) ISBN 978-92-9259-837-2 (online) BIS Papers No 153: Fast payments and financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean 1 Fast payments and financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean José Aurazo, Cecilia Franco, Jon Frost, Jamere McIntosh1 Abstract Most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing fast payment systems (FPS), often with the goal of enhancing access to and use of affordable financial services. FPS offer immediate transfer of funds on a 24x7 basis between end users. This paper assesses how FPS can promote financial inclusion. We find that FPS go hand-in-hand with greater access to loans and savings in the financial system. The paper also discusses the current experience of countries across the region in FPS and related payment innovations, including central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Finally, we discuss the key challenges in practice associated to cybersecurity risks and fraud, interoperability, end user and participant fees and universal access. Keywords: Fast payments, fast payment systems, financial inclusion, interoperability, central bank digital currencies. JEL codes: G23, L51, O16. 1 José Aurazo is a Visiting Economist at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP). Cecilia Franco is a Senior Macroeconomic Analyst at the BIS. Jon Frost is Head of Innovation and the Digital Economy at the BIS, and a Research Affiliate of the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF). Jamere McIntosh is a Visiting Economist at the BIS, from the Central Bank of the Bahamas (CBOB). With thanks to Ana Maria Zarate, Andrés Daniel Godoy Ortiz, Diego Herrera Falla, Adriana Maria Ovalle Herazo and Viviane Azevedo for helpful comments and to Nicola Faessler for editorial support. This paper is also published as a chapter in J Malagón and T Gallagher (eds), Ensayos sobre inclusión financiera, volume III, Bogotá and Washington, DC: Asociación Bancaria y de Entidades Financieras de Colombia (Asobancaria) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the BIS, BCRP, CBOB, Asobancaria or IDB. Any errors and omission are our own. 2 BIS Papers No 153: Fast payments a