联合国贸易发展委员会-贸发会议-经合组织关于二十国集团投资措施的报告（第31次报告）（英）

1 © OECD/United Nations, 2024 13 November 2024 Thirty-first Report on G20 Investment Measures1 When the Global Financial Crisis broke out in 2008, G20 members committed to refrain from introducing new barriers to investment and trade.2 They asked that the WTO, OECD, and UNCTAD monitor and report publicly on their trade and investment policy measures. So far, 30 reports have been issued under this mandate.3 Since then, the global economy has been grappling with several additional challenges, including a global pandemic, new or intensified conflicts, and the accelerating climate crisis and its consequences. In addition to the human costs, these challenges have led to value chain disruptions, weak growth, and soaring debt levels in numerous countries. 4 Investment in efforts to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is declining, even as financing needs increase. Growing geopolitical tensions and increasingly inward-looking policies in some economies make it harder to reach common solutions to common problems. Amid these challenges, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows continued their decline in 2023, both within G20 economies and globally. Investment policies in several G20 members are also undergoing change. Earlier policy monitoring reports from the OECD and UNCTAD had noted an overall trend towards more 1 This report on investment measures is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Secretary-General of UNCTAD. It has no legal effect on the rights and obligations of member States of the OECD or UNCTAD. Nothing in this report implies any judgment, either direct or indirect, as to the consistency of any measure referred to in the report with the provisions of any OECD or UNCTAD agreement or any provisions thereof. As in previous reports, this document distinguishes between measures related to foreign direct investment (prepared jointly by the OECD and UNCTAD) and measures related to other international capital flows (prepared solely by the OECD). 2 G20 Leaders Declaration of the Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy, Washington, 15 November 2008. 3 Earlier reports on investment measures by OECD and UNCTAD to G20 Leaders are available on the websites of the OECD and UNCTAD. 4 See OECD, Global Debt Report 2024, March 2024 and UNCTAD, A World of Debt, Report 2024, June 2024. 2 © OECD/United Nations, 2024 open and transparent FDI frameworks. This overall tendency is weakening, with measures related to national security concerns associated with foreign investments taking a prominent place. The present report documents measures that G20 governments have taken between 16 October 2023 and 15 October 2024.5 As all previous reports in this series, it was jointly prepared by the Secretariats of OECD and UNCTAD. I. Development of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows Global FDI flows declined in 2023, continuing their downward trajectory and remaining below pre-pandemic levels for the second year