亚开行-转变打击贸易洗钱的斗争：新数据和伙伴关系（英）

ADB BRIEFSNO. 312SEPTEMBER 2024ISBN 978-92-9270-879-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-9270-880-1 (PDF)ISSN 2071-7202 (print)ISSN 2218-2675 (PDF)Publication Stock No. BRF240426-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF240426-2KEY POINTS• Countering trade-based money laundering (TBML) is critical to promote trade transparency, which builds confidence and predictability in global supply chains.• Suspicious transaction reports are a critical tool in countering TBML but are not designed to capture intelligence-rich data available in trade transactions.• The Asian Development Bank collaborated with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in implementing a pilot in five countries to (i) create suspicious transaction reports tailored to trade transactions, (ii) deliver extensive TBML training, and (iii) advance collaboration between agencies and countries in fighting TBML.• During the pilot, each of the five countries identified more suspected TBML, improved data collection and analysis, and gathered important insights on TBML-susceptible goods and trade routes.Steven BeckDirectorTrade and Supply Chain DivisionAsian Development BankAlexander R. MalaketSenior Special Projects AdvisorTrade and Supply Chain DivisionAsian Development BankCatherine Daza-EstradaSenior Investment OfficerTrade and Supply Chain DivisionAsian Development BankNote: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the five pilot countries and their Financial Intelligence Units (Bangladesh, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), as well as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime goAML team. The pilot received input from organizations including the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC), World Trade Organization, Bankers’ Association for Finance and Trade, Interpol, and the World Customs Organization. In-market training was provided by Nathan Lynch (financial crime expert and author of The Lucky Laundry) and Gavin Cole (independent consultant). This brief was reviewed and commented on by Antoine Karam (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime goAML), Alan Ketley (the Wolfsberg Group), Kevin Newe (United Kingdom HM Revenue and Customs), and Rob Buchan (AUSTRAC). Richard Bunting, formerly with AUSTRAC, has been a partner and advocate throughout. The ADB Office of Anticorruption and Integrity provided constant guidance and support. The authors take responsibility for any errors and omissions.Transforming the Fight Against Trade-Based Money Laundering: New Data and PartnershipsINTRODUCTIONInternational trade is a powerful tool to advance development and reduce poverty. At the same time, trade is attractive for money laundering because of the complexity and volume of international trade and trade financing instruments, which can be used to hide the origin of individual transactions and make trade-based money laundering (TBML) challenging to identify and prevent. Trade-based money laundering is the practice of hidin