数字海岸的社会价值（英文）

The Societal Value of the Digital CoastAThe Societal Value of NOAA’s Digital CoastFinal Report to the NOAA National Ocean Service Office of Coastal ManagementKathryne Cleary, Alan Krupnick, and Seth Villaneuva, with Alexandra ThompsonReport 21-03 February 2021Resources for the FutureiAbout the Authors Kathryne Cleary is a senior research associate at Resources for the Future. Her work at RFF focuses primarily on electricity policy with the Future of Power Initiative and includes work on carbon pricing, electricity market design, and electrification. Outside of her work on electricity, Cleary has worked on economic studies on the value of information. Cleary holds an MEM with a focus on energy policy from the Yale School of the Environment and a BA in economics and environmental policy from Boston University. Alan Krupnick is a senior fellow at Resources for the Future. Krupnick’s research focuses on analyzing environmental and energy issues, in particular, the benefits, costs and design of pollution and energy policies, both in the United States and abroad. Krupnick’s portfolio includes oil and gas issues, the value of information agenda covered by our VALUABLES initiative with NASA, and policies to bring down industrial emissions of greenhouse gases. Seth Villanueva is research analyst at Resources for the Future. He graduated from UC Santa Barbara in 2019 with a BA in economics and a minor in mathematics. At UCSB, Seth worked as a Gretler Research Fellow under Professor Olivier Deschenes to study economic outcomes related to the scaling of wind power generation. Seth’s current projects at RFF focus on the valuation of climate models and resource management services, as well as the maintaining of RFF’s annual Global Energy Outlook report.Alexandra Thompson is senior research associate and GIS research coordinator at Resources for the Future. Thompson brings a distinctive skillset to RFF through her training in urban and regional planning. Her graduate work on local ecosystem service provision through an intersection of traditional planning, environmental economics, and spatial analysis gives her a unique perspective on problem solving through research. Her work seeks to improve the understanding of complex environmental problems through the creative use and analysis of spatial data. Thompson’s current research includes the valuation of remotely sensed data, impacts of oil and gas development on water use, invasive species monitoring and control, cross-boundary management of environmental challenges, sea level rise impacts, and more.The Societal Value of the Digital CoastiiAcknowledgements We would like to thank first the sponsors and our partners and reviewers from the Office for Coastal Management at NOAA: Nicholas (Miki) Schmidt, division chief, Science and Geospatial Services; Kate Quigley, economist and our project manager; Lori Cary-Kothera, who gave us the website data that Alex analyzed; and Jeff Adkins, economist. In connection with the