OECD-2025下游市场中的人工智能与竞争动态研究报告

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS IN DOWNSTREAM MARKETSOECD Roundtables on Competition Policy Papers, No. 331  1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS IN DOWNSTREAM MARKETS © OECD 2025 Artificial intelligence and competitive dynamics in downstream markets PUBE 2  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS IN DOWNSTREAM MARKETS © OECD 2025 Disclaimers This document was originally released on O.N.E. as an unclassified document under the reference code: DAF/COMP/GF(2025)4. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits: © shironosov / iStock - Getty Images Plus © OECD 2025. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution – you must cite the work. Translations – you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid. Adaptations – you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material – the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one.  3 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS IN DOWNSTREAM MARKETS © OECD 2025 This paper examines how the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative and agentic systems, is reshaping competition in downstream markets. It explores mechanisms through which AI may lower barriers to entry, substitute for labour, reduce minimum efficient scale, and support innovation and product differentiation. At the same time, it h