国际天然气联盟-2025年全球天然气报告（英）

ForewordThe Global Gas Report is a consolidated, fact-based reference document on the state of the global Gas markets – which reliably supply more than a quarter of the world’s primary energy needs. The report’s findings show strong rising energy demand across all regions, but with future demand and supply trajectories subject to considerable volatility. Amidst the geopolitical, economic and regulatory uncertainties, it is critical that investment in Gas and its infrastructure continues to enable Gas’ crucial role in reducing global emissions and driving affordable, sustainable development. Progress is also being made in decarbonising the natural gas value chain via greater efficiency and electrification of key processes. However, more supportive and pragmatic policies are urgently needed to support accelerated adoption and scale-up of low and zero-carbon Gas technologies. Alongside the picture of rising overall energy demand, power systems are expanding and becoming more complex to manage as electrification spreads into different parts of the global economy. This year’s report therefore spotlights Gas’ vital role in supporting intermittent renewables to ensure a secure and reliable electricity supply to power human progress and global growth.In an ever-evolving global landscape, natural gas remains essential for energy security and continues to play a pivotal role in the pathway towards a low-emission system. As energy markets remain unsettled, solid and affordable modulation options remain the key to guarantee stability to the system when renewables are not available – that is what energy integration is all about. As the main destination market, Europe – and therefore Italy – needs flexible and redundant infrastructures, as well as a diversification of vectors and sources to cope with unpredictable scenarios. Therefore, we believe it is essential to continue investing in gas infrastructure to achieve long-term goals; in this regard, developing biomethane and carbon capture & storage can contribute to achieving decarbonisation goals by leveraging existing assets, and help mitigate market volatility, in the interest of businesses and households.Natural gas demand continued to grow in 2024, with further growth expected this year, underscoring the increasingly important role of natural gas in meeting global energy needs. Power systems are evolving and becoming more complex, driven by increasing electrification and the integration of intermittent renewables sources, while extreme seasonal heatwaves and thunderstorms are becoming more frequent. These trends place additional strain on grid supply. In this context, natural gas serves as a flexible and reliable balancing source, ensuring energy security and system stability amid fluctuations in renewable output. This year’s report highlights opportunities for decarbonising the natural gas value chain through efficiency improvements and the adoption of low- and zero-carbon technologies. It also empha