国际能源署-2025年全球关键矿产展望（英）

Global Critical MineralsOutlook 2025The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries, 13 Association countries and beyond. This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org IEA Member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea LatviaLithuaniaLuxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of TürkiyeUnited Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 PAGE | 3 Abstract Abstract Critical minerals, which are essential for a range of energy technologies and for the broader economy, have become a major focus in global policy and trade discussions. Price volatility, supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical concerns make the regular monitoring of their supply and demand extremely vital. The Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 includes a detailed assessment of the latest market and investment trends, along with their implications for critical minerals security. As in last year’s Outlook, it provides a snapshot of recent industry developments from 2024 and early 2025 and offers medium- and long-term projections for the supply and demand of key energy minerals, taking into account the latest policy and technology developments. The 2025 Outlook also explores key techno-economic issues such as policy mechanisms to support diversification; mineral supply chains for emerging battery technologies; recent innovations in mining, refining and recycling; and a broader view on strategic minerals for applications beyond the energy sector. As a new chapter, the report also includes a comprehensive review of mineral markets and policy developments in different regions. The report will be accompanied by an updated version of our Critical Minerals Data Explorer, an interactive online tool that allows users to explore the latest IEA projections.IEA. CC BY 4.0.Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 PAGE | 4 Table of contents Table of contents Executive summary ....................................................................................... 5 Introduction....................................................