韩国央行-改变未来：人工智能对韩国的影响（英）

- 1/26 -No. 2025-02 BOK ISSUE NOTEFeb. 10, 2025Transforming The Future : The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in KoreaSamil Oh1, Sumin Lee2, Hamin Lee3, Soojung Chang4, Zexi Sun5, Xin Cindy Xu6▪ Disclaimer: The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Bank of Korea or International Monetary Fund. When reporting or citing this paper, the authors' names should be always explicitly stated.▪ We would like to extend our gratitude to Lee Hong-jik, Deputy Director General of National Accounts Statistics Department, and Rahul Anand, IMF Mission Chief for Korea, for their invaluable assistance in preparing this paper. 1. Head, Labor Market Research Team, Research Department, Bank of Korea (samil.oh@bok.or.kr)2. Economist, Inflation Research Team, Research Department, Bank of Korea (alephs@bok.or.kr)3. Junior Economist, Macro Forecasting & Research Team, Research Department, Bank of Korea (hamin@bok.or.kr)4. Junior Economist, Labor Market Research Team, Research Department, Bank of Korea (crystalj@bok.or.kr)5. Economist, APD, International Monetary Fund (zsun@imf.org)6. Senior Economist, APD, International Monetary Fund (XXu2@imf.org) This paper examines the transformative effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Korea. Korea is among the global frontrunners in AI adoption, with higher adoption rates among larger, younger, and technologically advanced firms. AI holds the promise for boosting productivity and output, though the effects are more pronounced among larger and mature Korean firms. About half of jobs are exposed to AI, with higher exposures among female, younger, more educated, and higher income workers. Korea's strong innovation and digital infrastructure highlights its AI readiness, while enhancing labor market flexibility and social safety nets are essential to fully harness AI's potential. - 2/26 -Ⅰ. IntroductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force globally (Figure 1). AI represents a wide range of technologies designed to enable machines to mimic human cognitive abilities (Cazzaniga et al., 2024). Recent advances in AI, notably the emergence of generative AI (GenAI) that includes systems such as large language models and generative pretrained transformers, have marked a leap in the ability of technology to outperform humans in several cognitive areas (IMF WEO, April2024). According to the IBM 2023 survey, a significant share of large enterprises (over 1,000 employees) globally has adopted AI, with 42 percent of surveyed IT Professionals deploying AI and an additional 40 percent reporting active exploration in November 20231).[Figure 1] AI Innovation and Adoption in the WorldAI Performance on Human Tasks(Human benchmark=0; initial AI performance= -100) Al Adoption in Large Enterprises WorldwideSources: Kiela and others 2021; OpenAI; IMF WEO, April 2024; and IBM Global AI Adoption Index, 2023.Note: Left figure is based on a number of t