全球能源政策现状2024

State of Energy Policy 2024 The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 13 association countries and beyond. This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea LithuaniaLuxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of TürkiyeUnited Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineSource: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org State of Energy Policy 2024 PAGE | 1 Key findings IEA. CC BY 4.0. Key findings State of Energy Policy 2024 PAGE | 2 IEA. CC BY 4.0. Key findings Key findings The last four years unleashed a wave of new energy policies that addressed pressing energy security concerns and accelerated the uptake of clean energy. The global economic crunch triggered by the Covid19 pandemic prompted governments to launch new recovery and relief packages, with many prioritising clean energy transitions. Close to 150 countries - covering close to 95% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions set forth new, more ambitious climate commitments, leading about 50 governments to tighten energy efficiency, renewables and emissions standards alongside these new incentives for clean energy. Since 2020, clean energy investment grew 60% globally. Energy security has prominently reemerged as a priority for policymakers. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to energy price spikes globally, highlighting the risks posed to interconnected energy systems. Countries were reminded anew of traditional energy security concerns, while the shift to clean energy brought forth new ones, particularly in terms of supply chain concentration of key technologies and the critical minerals essential to their production. Disruptions to trade routes amid growing geopolitical tensions and climate-induced extreme weather are complicating the situation, exposing energy systems to new vulnerabilities. More than ever, countries are having to consider and adopt new approaches to balance the interconnected goals of sustainability, affordability, competitiveness and security. Against this backdrop, the IEA has produced its inaugural edition of Sta