2018年全球科学和健康报告（英文）

2018WellcomeGlobal MonitorHow does the world feel about science and health?About GallupGallup delivers analytics and advice to help leaders and organisations solve their most pressing problems. Combining more than 80 years of experience with its global reach, Gallup knows more about the attitudes and behaviours of employees, customers, students and citizens than any other organisation in the world. For more information about Gallup, please visit www.gallup.com/contact.Copyright standardsThis report has been commissioned by Wellcome. Copyright © Wellcome. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY licence, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution of the data or text provided that the original author and source are credited. If you do edit the text, then you must acknowledge this on the republished article. We suggest that you cite this report as follows: Gallup (2019) Wellcome Global Monitor – First Wave Findings.Please note that the images used throughout the report are the copyright of the photographer or Gallup and are not available under Creative Commons.Cover image:A hospital pharmacy in Mali. Godong / BSIP / Science Photo Library3 | Wellcome Global Monitor 2019Foreword 4Summary of key findings 6Chapter 1: Introduction 8Summary 10Why study global public attitudes to science? 10What research questions are in the Wellcome Global Monitor? 12How was the Wellcome Global Monitor survey developed? 13What next? 15Regional country groupings 15Chapter 2: Understanding and interest in science and health 18Summary 20Introduction 21The definition of ‘science’ 22Understanding of what studying science constitutes 24Perceived knowledge of science 26Science and health information seeking 36Interest in learning more about science and health 38Special focus: gender differences in perceived science knowledge and education 41Conclusion 46Chapter 3: Trust in science and health professionals 48Summary 50Introduction 50The development of a new measure of trust: the Wellcome Global Monitor Trust in Scientists Index 51Understanding the predictors of trust in scientists 59Confidence and trust in health professionals and hospitals 64Confidence in hospitals and health clinics 67Who people trust the most to give them medical or health advice 70Conclusion 73Chapter 4: Science and society 74Summary 77Introduction 76Do people feel that science benefits them? 77Do people feel that science benefits other people in their country? 81The combined view: how people feel about the benefits of science on a personal and societal level 83Do people believe that science will improve life for the next generation? 91Do people think science and technology will increase or decrease the number of jobs in their local area in the next five years? 91The relationship between religion and science in people’s lives 96Conclusion 102Chapter 5: Attitudes to vaccines 104Summary 106Introduction 106Awareness of vaccines 108Perceptions of the safet